|
Реферат: ITC Clause (Страхование)
Institute Time Clauses Hulls 1/11/95 Cl. 280 (ITC)
(FOR USE ONLY WITH THE CURRENT MAR POLICY FORM)
This insurance is subject to English law and practice
1. Navigation
1.1. The Vessel is covered subject to the provisions of this insurance at
all times and has leave to sail or navigate with or without pilots, to go
on trial trips and to assist and tow vessels or craft in distress, but it
is warranted that the Vessel shall not be towed, except as is customary or
to the first safe port or place when in need of assistance, or undertake
towage or salvage services under a contract previously arranged by the
Assured and /or Owners and/or Managers and/or Charterers. This Clause 1.1.
shall not exclude customary towage in connection with loading and
discharging.
1.2. This insurance shall not be prejudiced by reason of the Assured
entering into any contract with pilots or for customary towage which limits
or exempts the liability of the pilots and/or tugs and/or towboats and/or
their owners when the Assured or their agents accept or are compelled to
accept such contracts in accordance with established local law or practice.
1.3. The practice of engaging helicopters for the transportation of
personnel, supplies and equipment to and/or from the Vessel shall not
prejudice this insurance.
1.4. In the event of the Vessel being employed in the trading operations
which entail cargo loading or discharging at sea from or onto another
vessel (not being a harbour or inshore craft) no claim shall be recoverable
under this insurance for loss of or damage to the Vessel or liability to
any other vessel arising from such loading or discharging operations,
including whilst approaching, lying alongside and leaving, unless
previously notice that the Vessel is to be employed in such operations has
been given to the Underwriters and any amended terms of cover and any
additional premium required by them have been agreed.
1.5. In the event of the Vessel sailing (with or without cargo) with the
intention of being (a) broken up, or (b) sold for breaking up, any claim
for loss of or damage to the Vessel occurring subsequent to such sailing
shall be limited to the market value of the Vessel as scrap at the time
when the loss or damage is sustained, unless previous notice has been given
to the Underwriters and any amendments to the terms of cover, insured value
and premium required by them have been agreed. Nothing in this Clause 1.5.
shall affect claims under Clauses 8 and/or 10.
2. Continuation.
Should the Vessel at the expiration of this insurance be at sea and in
distress or missing, she shall, provided notice be given to the
Underwriters prior to the expiration of this insurance, be held covered
until arrival at the next port in good safety, or if in port and in
distress until the Vessel is made safe, at a pro rata monthly premium.
3. Breach of Warranty.
Held covered in case of any breach of warranty as to cargo, trade,
locality, towage, salvage services or date of sailing, provided notice be
given to the Underwriters immediately after receipt of advices and any
amended terms of cover and any additional premium required by them be
agreed.
4. Classification.
4.1. It is the duty of the Assured, Owners and Managers at the inception of
and throughout the period of this insurance to ensure that
4.1.1. the Vessel is classed with a Classification Society agreed by the
underwriters and that her class within that Society is maintained,
4.1.2. and recommendations requirements or restrictions imposed by the
Vessel’s Classification Society which relate to the Vessel’s seaworthiness
or to her maintenance in a seaworthy condition are complied with by the
dates required by that Society.
4.2. In the event of any breach of duties set out in Clause 4.1. above,
unless the Underwriters agree to the contrary in writing, they will be
discharged from their liability under this insurance as from the date of
the breach provided that if the Vessel is at sea at such date the
Underwriters’ discharge from liability is deferred until arrival at her
next port.
4.3. Any incident condition or damage in respect of which the Vessel’s
Classification Society might make recommendations as to repairs or other
action to be taken by the Assured, Owners or Managers must be promptly
reported to the Classification Society.
4.4. Should the Underwriters wish to approach the Classification Society
directly for information and/or documents., the Assured will provide the
necessary authorisation.
5. Termination.
This Clause 5 shall prevail notwithstanding any provisions whether written
typed or printed in this insurance inconsistent therewith.
Unless the Underwriters agree to the contrary in writing, this insurance
shall terminate automatically at the time of
5.1. change of the Classification Society of the Vessel, or change,
suspension, discontinuance, withdrawal or expiry of her Class therein, or
any of the Classification Society’s periodic surveys becoming overdue
unless an extension of time for such survey be agreed by the Classification
Society, provided that if the Vessel is at sea such automatic termination
shall be deferred until arrival at her next port. However where such
change, suspension, discontinuance or withdrawal of her Class or where a
periodic survey becoming overdue has resulted from loss or damage covered
by Clause 6 of this insurance or which would be covered b an insurance of
the Vessel subject to current Institute War and Strikes Clauses Hulls -
Time such automatic termination shall only operate should the Vessel sail
from her next port without the prior approval of the Classification Society
or in the case of a periodic survey becoming overdue without the
Classification Society having agreed an extension of time for such survey.
5.2. any change, voluntary or otherwise, in the ownership or flag, transfer
to new management, or charter on a bareboat basis, or requisition for title
or use of the Vessel, provided that, if the Vessel has cargo on board and
has already sailed from her loading port or is at sea in ballast, such
automatic termination shall if required be deferred, whilst the Vessel
continues her planned voyage, until arrival at final port of discharge if
with cargo or at port of destination if in ballast. However, in the event
of requisition for title or use without the prior execution of a written
agreement by the Assured, such automatic termination shall occur fifteen
days after such requisition whether the Vessel is at sea or in port.
A pro rata daily net return of premium shall be made provided that a total
loss of the Vessel, whether by insured perils or otherwise, has not
occurred during the period covered by this insurance or any extension
thereof.
6. Perils.
6.1. This insurance covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured
caused by
6.1.1. perils of the sea rivers lakes or other navigable waters
6.1.2. fire, explosion
6.1.3. violent theft by persons from outside the Vessel
6.1.4. jettison
6.1.5. piracy
6.1.6. contact with land conveyance, dock or harbour equipment or
installation
6.1.7. earthquake volcanic eruption or lightning
6.1.8. accident in loading discharging or shifting cargo or fuel
6.2. This insurance covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured
caused by
6.2.1. bursting of boilers breakage of shafts or any latent defect in the
machinery or hull
6.2.2. negligence of Master Crew or Pilots
6.2.3. negligence of repairers or charterers provided such repairers or
charterers are not an Assured hereunder
6.2.4. barratry of Master Officers or Crew
6.2.5. contact with aircraft, helicopters or similar objects, or objects
falling therefrom
provided that such loss or damage has not resulted from want of due
diligence by the Assured, Owners, Managers or Superintendents or any of
their onshore management.
6.3. Master Officers Crew or Pilots not to be considered Owners within the
meaning of this Clause 6 should they hold shares in the Vessel.
7. Pollution Hazard.
This insurance covers loss of or damage to the Vessel caused by any
governmental authority acting under the powers vested in it to prevent or
mitigate a pollution hazard or damage to the environment, or threat
thereof, resulting directly from damage to the Vessel for which the
Underwriters are liable under this insurance, provided that such act of
governmental authority has not resulted from want of due diligence by the
Assured, Owners or Managers to prevent or mitigate such hazard or damage,
or threat thereof. Master Officers Crew or Pilots not to be considered
Owners within the meaning of this Clause 7 should they hold shares in the
Vessel.
8. 3/4th Collision Liability.
8.1. The Underwriters agree to indemnify the Assured for three-fourth of
any sum or sums paid by the Assured to any other person or persons by
reason of the Assured becoming legally liable by way of damages for
8.1.1. loss of or damage to any other vessel or property on any other
vessel
8.1.2. delay to or loss of use of any such other vessel or property thereon
8.1.3. general average of, salvage of, or salvage under contract of, any
such other vessel or property thereon,
where such payment by the Assured is in consequence of the Vessel hereby
insured coming into collision with any other vessel.
8.2. The indemnity provided by this Clause 8 shall be in addition to the
indemnity provided by the other terms and conditions of this insurance and
shall be subject to the following provisions:
82.1. where the insured Vessel is in collision with another vessel and both
vessels are to blame, then unless the liability of one or both vessels
becomes limited by law, the indemnity under this Clause 8 shall be
calculated on the principle of cross-liabilities as if the respective
Owners had been compelled to pay to each other such proportions of each
other’s damages as may have been properly allowed in ascertaining the
balance of sum payable by or to the Assured in consequence of the
collision,
8.2.2. in no case shall the Underwriters’ total liability under Clauses
8.1. and 8.2. exceed their proportionate part of three-fourths of the
insured value of the Vessel hereby insured in respect of any one collision.
8.3. The Underwriters will also pay three-fourths of the legal costs
incurred by the Assured or which the Assured may be compelled to pay in
contesting liability or taking proceedings to limit liability, with the
prior written consent of the Underwriters.
Exclusions
8.4. Provided always that this Clause 8 shall in no case extend to any sum
which the Assured shall pay for or in respect of
8.4.1. removal or disposal of obstructions, wrecks, cargoes or any other
thing whatsoever;
8.4.2. any real or personal property or thing whatsoever except other
vessels or property on other vessels
8.4.3. the cargo or other property on, or the engagements of, the insured
Vessel;
8.4.4. loss of life, personal injury or illness;
8.4.5. pollution or contamination, or threat thereof, of any real or
personal property or thing whatsoever (except other vessels with which the
insured Vessel is in collision or property on such other vessels) or damage
to the environment, or threat thereof, save that this exclusion shall not
extend to any sum which the Assured shall pay for or in respect of any
salvage remuneration in which the skill and efforts of the salvors in
preventing or minimising damage to the environment as is referred to
Article 13 paragraph 1 (b) of the International Convention on Salvage, 1989
have been taken into account.
9. Sistership
Should the Vessel hereby insured come into collision with or receive
salvage services from another vessel belonging wholly or in part to the
same Owners or under the same management, the Assured shall have the same
rights under this insurance as they would have were the other vessel
entirely the property of Owners not interested in the Vessel hereby
insured; but in such cases the liability for the collision or the amount
payable for the services rendered shall be referred to a sole arbitrator to
be agreed upon between the Underwriters and the Assured.
10. General Average and Salvage
10.1. This insurance covers the Vessel’s proportion of salvage, salvage
charges and/or general average, reduced in respect of any under-insurance,
but in case of any general average sacrifice of the Vessel the Assured may
recover in respect of the whole loss without first enforcing their right of
contribution from other parties.
10.2. Adjustment to be according to the law and practice at the place where
adventure ends, as if the contract of affreightment contained no special
terms upon the subject; but where the contract of affreightment so provides
the adjustment shall be according to the York-Antwerp Rules.
10.3. When the Vessel sails in ballast, not under charter, the provisions
of the York-Antwerp Rules, 1994 (excluding Rules XI (d), XX and XXI) shall
be applicable, and the voyage for this purpose shall be deemed to continue
from the port or place of departure until the arrival of the Vessel at the
first port or place thereafter other than a port or place of refuge or a
port or place of call for bunkering only. If at any such intermediate port
or place there is an abandonment of the adventure originally contemplated
the voyage shall thereupon be deemed terminated.
10.4. No claim under this Clause 10 shall in any case be allowed where the
loss was not incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of a
peril insured against.
10.5. No claim under this Clause 10 shall in any case be allowed for or in
respect of
10.5.1. special compensation payable to a salvor under Article 14 of the
International Convention on Salvage, 1989 or under any other provision in
any statute, rule, law or contract which is similar in substance;
10.5.2. expenses or liabilities incurred in respect of damage to
environment, or the threat such damage, or as a consequence of escape or
release of pollutant substances from the Vessel, or the threat of such
escape or release.
10.6. Clause 10.5. shall not however exclude any sum which the Assured
shall pay to salvors for or in respect of salvage remuneration in which the
skill and efforts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to the
environment as is referred to in Article 13 paragraph 1 (b) of the
International Convention on Salvage, 1989 have been taken into account.
11. Duties of Assured (Sue & Labour)
11.1. In case of any loss or misfortune it is the duty of the Assured and
their servants and agents to take such measures as may be reasonable for
the purpose of averting or minimising a loss which would be recoverable
under this insurance.
11.2. Subject to the provisions below and to Clause 12 the Underwriters
will contribute to charges properly and reasonably incurred by the Assured
their servants or agents for such measures. General average, salvage
charges (except as provided for in Clause 11.5.), special compensation and
expenses as referred to in Clause 10.5. and collision defence and attack
costs are not recoverable under this Clause 11.
11.3. Measures taken by the Assured or the Underwriters with the object of
saving, protecting or recovering the subject-matter insured shall not be
considered as a waiver or acceptance of abandonment or otherwise prejudice
the rights of either party.
11.4. When expenses are incurred pursuant to this Clause 11 the liability
under this insurance shall not exceed the proportion of such expenses that
the amount insured hereunder bears to the value of the Vessel as stated
herein, or to the sound value of the Vessel at the time of the occurrence
giving rise to the expenditure if the sound value exceeds that value. Where
the Underwriters have admitted a claim for total loss and property insured
by this insurance is saved, the foregoing provisions shall not apply unless
the expenses of suing and labouring exceed the value of such property saved
and then shall apply only to the amount of the expenses which is in excess
of such value.
11.5. When a claim for total loss of the Vessel is admitted under this
insurance and expenses have been reasonably incurred in saving or
attempting to save the Vessel and other property and there are no proceeds,
or the expenses exceed the proceeds, then this insurance shall bear its pro
rata share of such proportion of the expenses, or of the expenses in the
excess of the proceeds. As the case may be, as may reasonably be regarded
as having been incurred in respect of the Vessel, excluding all special
compensation and expenses as referred to in Clause 10.5.; but if the Vessel
be insured for less than its sound value at the time of the occurrence
giving rise to the expenditure, the amount recoverable under this clause
shall be reduced in the proportion to the under-insurance.
11.6. The sum recoverable under this Clause 11 shall be in addition to the
loss otherwise recoverable under this insurance but shall in no
circumstances exceed the amount insured under this insurance in respect of
the Vessel.
12. Deductible
12.1. No claim arising from a peril insured against shall be payable under
this insurance unless the aggregate of all such claims arising out of each
separate accident or occurrence (including claims under Clause 8, 10 and
11) exceeds the deductible amount agreed in which case this sum shall be
deducted.
Nevertheless the expense of sighting the bottom after stranding, if
reasonably incurred specially for that purpose, shall be paid even if no
damage be found. This Clause 12 shall not apply to a claim for total loss
or constructive loss of the Vessel or, in the event of such a claim, to any
associated claim under Clause 11 arising from the same accident or
occurrence.
12.2. Claims for damage by heavy weather occurring during a single sea
passage between two successive ports shall be treated as being due to one
accident. In the case of such heavy weather extending over a period not
wholly covered by this insurance the deductible to be applied to the claim
recoverable hereunder shall be the proportion of the above deductible that
the number of days of such heavy weather falling within the period of this
insurance bears to the number of days of heavy weather during the single
sea passage. The expression «heavy weather» in this Clause 12.2. shall be
deemed to include contact with floating ice.
12.3. Excluding any interest comprised therein, recoveries against any
claim which is subject to the above deductible shall be credited to the
Underwriters in full to the extent of the sum by which the aggregate of the
claim unreduced by any recoveries exceeds the above deductible.
12.4. Interest comprised in recoveries shall be apportioned between the
Assured and the Underwriters, taking into account the sums paid by the
Underwriters and the dates when such payments were made, notwithstanding
that by the addition of interest the Underwriters may receive a larger sum
than they have paid.
13. Notice of Claim and Tenders
13.1. In the event of accident whereby loss or damage may result in a claim
under this insurance, notice must be given to the Underwriters promptly
after the date on which the Assured, Owners or Managers become or should
have become aware of the loss or damage and prior to survey so that a
surveyor may be appointed if the Underwriters so desire.
If notice is not given to the Underwriters within twelve months of that
date unless the Underwriters agree to the contrary in writing, the
Underwriters will be automatically discharged from liability for any claim
under this insurance in respect of or arising out of such accident or the
loss or damage.
13.2. The Underwriters shall be entitled to decide the port to which the
Vessel shall proceed for docking or repair (the actual additional expense
of the voyage arising from compliance with the Underwriters’ requirements
being refunded to the assured) and shall have a right of veto concerning a
place of repair or a repairing firm.
13.3. The Underwriters may also take tenders or may require further tenders
to be taken for the repair of the Vessel. Where such a tender has been
taken and a tender is accepted with the approval of the Underwriters, an
allowance shall be made at the rate of 30% per annum on the insured value
for the time lost between despatch of the invitations to tender required by
the Underwriters and the acceptance of a tender to the extent that such
time is lost solely as a result of tenders having been taken and provided
that the tender is accepted without delay after receipt of the
Underwriters’ approval.
Due credit shall be given against the allowance as above for any amounts
recovered in respect of fuel and store and wages and maintenance of the
Master Officers and Crew or any member thereof, including amounts allowed
in general average, and for any amounts recovered from third parties in
respect of damages for detention and/or loss of profit and/or running
expenses, for the period covered by the tender allowance or any part
thereof.
Where a part of the cost of the repair of damage other than a fixed
deductible is not recoverable from the Underwriters the allowance shall be
reduced by a similar proportion.
13.4. In the event of failure by the Assured to comply with the conditions
of Clauses 13.2. and/or 13.3. a deduction of 15% shall be made from the
amount of the ascertained claim.
14. New for Old
Claims payable without deduction new for old.
15. Bottom Treatment
In no case shall a claim be allowed in respect of scraping gritblasting and
/or other surface preparation or painting of the Vessel’s bottom except
that
15.1. gritblasting and/or other surface preparation of new bottom plates
ashore and supplying and applying any «shop» primer thereto,
15.2. gritblasting and/or other surface preparation of:
the butts or area of plating immediately adjacent to any renewed or
refitted plating damaged during the course of welding and/or repairs,
areas of plating damaged during the course of fairing, either in place
or ashore,
15.3. supplying and applying the first coat of primer/anti-corrosive to
those particular areas mentioned in 15.1. and 15.2. above,
shall be allowed as part of the reasonable cost of repairs in respect of
bottom plating damaged by an insured peril.
16. Wages and Maintenance
No claim shall be allowed, other than in general average, for wages and
maintenance of the Master Officers and Crew or any member thereof, except
when incurred solely for the necessary removal of the Vessel from one port
to another for the repair of damage covered by the Underwriters, or for
trial trips for such repairs, and then only for such wages and maintenance
as are incurred whilst the Vessel is under way.
17. Agency Commission
In no case shall any sum be allowed under this insurance either by way of
remuneration of the Assured for time and trouble taken to obtain and supply
information or documents or in respect of the commission or charges of any
manager, agent, managing or agency company or the like, appointed by or on
behalf of the Assured to perform such services.
18. Unrepaired Damage
18.1. The measure of indemnity in respect of claims for unrepaired damage
shall be reasonable depreciation in the market value of the Vessel at the
time this insurance terminates arising from such unrepaired damage, but not
exceeding the reasonable cost of repairs.
18.2. In no case shall the Underwriters be liable for the unrepaired damage
in the event of a subsequent total loss (whether or not covered under this
insurance) sustained during the period covered by this insurance or any
extension thereof.
18..3. The Underwriters shall not be liable in respect of the unrepaired
damage for more than the insured value at the time this insurance
terminates.
19. Constructive Total Loss
19.1. In ascertaining whether the vessel is a constructive total loss, the
insured value shall be taken as the repaired value and nothing in respect
of the damage or break-up value of the Vessel or wreck shall be taken into
account.
19.2. No claim for constructive total loss based upon the cost of recovery
and/or repair of the Vessel shall be recoverable hereunder unless such cost
would exceed the insured value. In making this determination, only the cost
relating to a single accident or sequence of damages arising from the same
accident shall be taken into account.
20. Freight Waiver
In the event of total or constructive loss no claim to be made by the
Underwriters for freight whether notice of abandonment has been given or
not.
21. Assignment
No assignment of or interest in this insurance or in any moneys which may
be or become payable thereunder is to be binding on or recognised by the
Underwriters unless a dated notice of such assignment or interest signed by
the Assured, and by the assignor in the case of subsequent assignment, is
endorsed on the Policy and the Policy with such endorsement is produced
before payment of any claim or return of premium thereunder.
22. Disbursements Warranty
22.1. Additional insurances as follows are permitted:
22.1.1. Disbursements, Managers’ Commissions, Profits or Excess or
Increased Value of Hull and Machinery. A sum not exceeding 25% of the value
stated herein.
22.1.2. Freight, Chartered Freight or Anticipated Freight, insured for
time. A sum not exceeding 25 % of the value stated herein less any sum
insured, however described, under 22.1.1.
22.1.3. Freight or Hire, under contract for voyage. A sum not exceeding the
gross freight or hire for the current cargo passage and next succeeding
cargo passage (such insurance to include, if required, a preliminary and
intermediate ballast passage) plus the charges of insurance. In the case of
a voyage charter where payment is made on a time basis, the sum permitted
for insurance shall be calculated on the estimated duration of the voyage,
subject to the limitation of two cargo passages as laid down herein. Any
sum insured under 22.1.2. to be taken into account and only the excess
thereof may be insured, which excess shall be the gross amount so advanced
or earned.
22.1.4. Anticipated Freight if the Vessel sails in ballast and not under
Charter. A sum not exceeding the anticipated gross freight on next cargo
passage, such sum to be reasonably estimated on the basis of the current
rate of freight at time of insurance plus the charges of insurance. Any sum
insured under 22.1.2. to be taken into account and only the excess thereof
may be insured.
22.1.5. Time Charter Hire or Charter Hire for Series of Voyages. A sum not
exceeding 50% of the gross hire which is to be earned under the charter not
exceeding 18 months. Any sum insured under 22.1.2. to be taken into account
and only the excess thereof may be insured, which excess shall be reduced
as the hire is advanced or earned under the charter by 50% of the gross
amount so advanced or earned but the sum insured need not be reduced while
the total of the sums insured under 22.1.2. and 22.1.5. does not exceed 50%
of the gross hire still to be earned under the charter. An insurance under
this Section may begin on the signing of the Charter.
22.1.6. Premiums. A sum not exceeding the actual premiums of all interests
insured for a period not exceeding 12 months (excluding premiums insured
under the foregoing sections, but including, if required, the premiums or
estimated calls on any Club or War etc. Risk insurance) reducing pro rata
monthly.
22.1.7. Returns of Premium. A sum not exceeding the actual returns which
are allowable under any insurance but which would not be recoverable
thereunder in the event of a total loss of the Vessel whether by insured
perils or otherwise.
22.1.8. Insurance irrespective of amount against:
Any risk excluded by Clauses 24, 25, 26 and 27 below.
22.2. Warranted that no insurance on any interests enumerated in the
foregoing 22.1.1. to 22.1.7. in the excess of the amounts permitted therein
and no other insurance which includes the total loss of the Vessel P.P.I.,
F.I.A. or subject to any other like term, is or shall be effected to
operate during the currency of this insurance by or for account of the
Assured, Owners, Managers or Mortgagees. Provided always that a breach of
this warranty shall not afford the Underwriters any defence to a claim by a
Mortgagee who has accepted this insurance without knowledge of such breach.
23. Returns for Lay-up and Cancellation
23.1. To returns as follows:
23.1.1. pro rata net for each uncommenced month if this insurance be
cancelled by agreement,
23.1.2. for each period of 30 consecutive days the Vessel may be laid up in
a port or in a lay-up area provided such port or lay-up area is approved by
the Underwriters
(a) .............................................. per cent net not
under repair
(b) ............................................. per cent net under
repair.
23.1.3. The Vessel shall not be considered to be under repair when work is
undertaken in respect of ordinary wear and tear of the Vessel and/or
following recommendations in the Vessel’s Classification Society survey,
but any repairs following loss of or damage to the Vessel or involving
structural alterations, whether covered by this insurance or otherwise
shall be considered as under repair.
23.1.4. If the Vessel is under repair during part only of a period for
which a return is claimable, the return shall be calculated pro rata to the
number of days under 23.1.2. (a) and (b) respectively.
23.2. PROVIDED ALWAYS THAT
23.2.1. a total loss of the Vessel, whether by insured perils or otherwise,
has not occurred during the period covered by this insurance or any extent
thereof;
23.2.2. in no case shall a return be allowed when the Vessel is lying in
exposed or unprotected waters, or in a port or lay-up area not approved by
the Underwriters;
23.2.3. loading or discharging operations or the presence of cargo on board
shall not debar returns but no return shall be allowed for any period
during which the Vessel is being used for the storage of cargo or for
lightering purposes;
23.2.4. in the event of any amendment of the annual rate, the above rates
of returns shall be adjusted accordingly;
23.2.5. in the event of any return recoverable under this Clause 23 being
based on 30 consecutive days which fall on successive insurances effected
for the same Assured, this insurance shall only be liable for an amount
calculated at pro rata of the period rates 23.1.2. (a) and or (b) above for
the number of days which come within the period of this insurance and to
which a return is actually applicable. Such overlapping period shall run,
at the option of the Assured, either from the first day of a period of 30
consecutive days as provided under 23.1.2. (a) or (b) above.
The following clauses shall be paramount and shall override anything
contained in this insurance inconsistent therewith.
24. War Exclusion
In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage liability or expense
caused by
24.1. war civil war revolution rebellion insurrection, or civil strife
arising therefrom, or any hostile act by or against a belligerent power
24.2 capture seizure arrest restrain or detainment (barratry and piracy
excepted), and the consequences thereof or any attempt thereat
24.3. derelict mines torpedoes bombs or other derelict weapons of war.
25. Strikes Exclusion
In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage liability or expense
caused by
25.1. strikers, locked-out workmen, or persons taking part in labour
disturbances, riots or civil commotions
25.2. any terrorist or any person acting from a political motive
26. Malicious Acts Exclusion
In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage liability or expense
caused by
26.1 the detonation of an explosive
26.2. any weapon of war
and caused by any person acting maliciously or from a political motive.
27. Radioactive Contamination Exclusion Clause
In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage liability or expense
directly or indirectly caused by or contributed to by or arising from
27.1. ionising radiations from or contamination by radioactivity from any
nuclear fuel or from any nuclear waste or from the combustion of nuclear
fuel
27.2. the radioactive, toxic, explosive or other hazardous or contaminating
properties of any nuclear installation, reactor or other nuclear assembly
or nuclear component thereof
27.3 any weapon of war employing atomic or nuclear fission and/or fusion or
other like reaction or radioactive force or matter.
Реферат на тему: Strahovanie
Latvijas Universit?te
Ekonomikas un Vad?bas Fakult?te
Finansu instit?ts
Kursa darbs
Apdro?in??an?
Apdro?in??anas veidi Latvij?.
R?ga
2000
Saturs.
Ievads 3
Apdro?in??ana, tas raksturojums, tendences un aktu?lit?te 4
1. Nedz?v?bas apdro?in??anas tirgus (risku apdro?in??ana) 8
1.1.Sauszemes transportl?dzek?u ?pa?nieku civiltiesisk?s atbild?bas
oblig?t? apdro?in??ana [2;1]. 8
1.2.Transportl?dzek?a ?pa?nieka civiltiesisk?s atbild?bas br?vpr?t?g?
apdro?in??ana. 9
1.3. Apdro?in??ana nelaimes gad?jumiem transport?. 10
1.4. Za??s kartes. 11
1.5.Uz??muma apdro?in??ana. 12
1.6. Uz??m?jdarb?bas p?rtrauk?anas apdro?in??ana. 13
2. Dz?v?bas apdro?in??anas tirgus 14
2.1. Vesel?bas apdro?in??ana. 15
2.2. ?rstu profesion?l?s atbild?bas apdro?in??ana. 16
2.3. Nelaimes gad?jumu apdro?in??ana. 17
2.4. Ce?ojumu medic?nisk? apdro?in??ana. 17
3. ?pa?uma apdro?in??ana 19
3.1.Priv?tpersonu ?pa?uma apdro?in??ana. 21
3.1.1. ?ku apdro?in??ana 21
3.1.2. Mantas apdro?in??ana. 22
3.1.3. M?jdz?vnieku apdro?in??ana. 22
Secin?jumi un priek?likumi. 24
Izmantojam?s literat?ras saraksts. 25
Pielikumi 26
Ievads
Kursa darba temats ir ”Apdro?in??anas veidi Latvij?”. ??s temats ir
izv?l?ts, jo autore v?l?jas vair?k uzzin?t par apdro?in??anas sabiedr?b?m,
to pied?v?tiem pakalpojumiem un pr?mijam. Lai b?tu iesp?jams to uzzin?t, ir
j?izskata likumdo?anas normat?vie akti, noteikumi, apr??inu metodes.
Darba m?r?is ir p?t?t apdro?in??anas sabedr?bu darb?bu ped?jos gados un lai
sasniegtu ?o m?r?i darb? tiek apskat?ti ??di uzdevumi:
1. p?t?t apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bu pied?v?tos pakalpojumus;
2. p?t?t pr?mijas apr??in??anas metodes;
3. analiz?t apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bu darb?bu;
4. izdar?t secen?jumus un priek?likumus.
Darba apjoma ierobe?ojuma d?? nav iesp?jams izp?t?t visas apdro?in??anas
pied?v?t?s iesp?jas, t?d?? tiks p?t?ti atsevi??i apdro?in??anas veidi, kuri
ir atlas?ti p?c autora izv?les.
Kursa darbs ietver 3 da?as:
1. apdro?in??anas formas, to raksturojums, tendences, aktu?lit?te;
2. nedz?v?bu apdro?in??anas tirgus (risku apdro?in??ana)
3. dz?v?bas apdro?in??anas tirgus.
Pla??ik ir skat?ta p?d?ja gada statistika, jo t? ir b?tisk?ka un
svar?g?ka.
Izmantojam? literat?ra apkopo p?d?ja gada datus, jo no t?s var ieg?t daudz
interesantas un lietder?gas inform?cijas.
Atsauces piem?rotas p?c ??das metodes:
[numurs literat?ras sarakst?; noda?a / lapaspuses numurs].
Sa?sin?jumi:
AAS – apdro?in??anas akciju sabiedr?ba,
OCTA - sauszemes transportl?dzek?u ?pa?nieku civiltiesisk?s atbild?bas
oblig?t? apdro?in??ana,
CTA – transportl?dzek?a ?pa?nieka civiltiesisk?s atbild?bas br?vpr?t?g?
apdro?in??ana.
Da?iem nepublic?tiem datiem netiks dotas atsauces.
Apdro?in??ana, tas raksturojums, tendences un aktu?lit?te
Kopum?, v?rt?jot Latvijas apdro?in??anas tirgu p?d?jos gados var
teikt, ka tirgus turpina augt un sagaid?ms, ka ?? tendence tuv?ko gadu
laik? turpin?sies. Tirgus savu pies?tin?jumu v?l nav sasniedzis, ?pa?i tas
attiecin?ms uz dz?v?bas jeb uzkr?jo?o apdro?in??anu. Bez tam, komp?niju
skaits p?d?jo 2-3 gadu laik? praktiski bijis nemain?gs, kas ?auj tirgu
uzskat?t par sam?r? stabilu. Tom?r j??em v?r?, ka ES direkt?vas nosaka, ka
sabiedr?b?m var atv?rt fili?les un veikt apdro?in??anu citas dal?bvalsts
teritorij? bez sevi??as komp?nijas ar no??irtu kapit?lu izveido?anas. Tas
neap?aub?mi n?kotn? veicin?s ?rvalstu apdro?in?t?ju aktivit?tes Latvij?.
1999.gads Latvijas tirg? ir bijis sam?r? neitr?ls, savuk?rt 1998.gad?
Latvijas apdro?in??anas tirg? ir notiku?i vair?ki b?tiski notikumi. Ar
1.septembri st?j?s sp?k? likums Par apdro?in??anas sabiedr?b?m un to
uzraudz?bu, k? ar? likums Par apdro?in??anas l?gumu. Min?tie likumi un
saska?? ar tiem pie?emtie Ministru kabineta noteikumi sekm?s apdro?in??anas
tirgus t?l?ku att?st?bu un sak?rto?anu, k? ar? preciz?s apdro?in??anas
sabiedr?bu un apdro?in?juma ??m?ja savstarp?j?s attiec?bas. 1998.gada
1.j?lij? piln? apm?r? st?j?s sp?k? likums Par priv?tajiem pensiju fondiem
un Apdro?in??anas Uzraudz?bas inspekcija uzs?ka ?o fondu licenc??anu.
B?tisks notikums bija Latvijas Satiksmes biroja uz?em?ana Eiropas Za?o
kar?u sist?m?. Satiksmes birojs uzs?ka divpus?jo l?gumu nosl?g?anu ar Za?o
kar?u sist?mas dal?bvalst?m, kas turpm?k Latvijas apdro?in??anas
sabiedr?b?m ?aus nosl?gt starptautiskos sauszemes transportl?dzek?u
?pa?nieku civiltiesisk?s atbild?bas oblig?t?s apdro?in??anas l?gumus.
Latvij? pirm?s priv?t?s apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bas tika izveidotas
1991.gad?. Kop? t? laika apdro?in??anas tirgus ir iev?rojami stabiliz?jies
un izaudzis gan kvantitat?vi, gan kvalitat?vi, k??stot klientiem daudz
pievilc?g?ks.
?obr?d Latvijas apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bas ir sp?j?gas uz??m?jiem un
priv?tperson?m pied?v?t vispla??ko, Eiropas standartiem atbilsto?u
apdro?in??anas pakalpojumu spektru. Latvijas izdev?gais ?eogr?fiskais
st?voklis veicina tranz?tp?rvad?jumu att?st?bu, t?d?? daudzi apdro?in?t?ji
?pa?u uzman?bu velta t?du apdro?in??anas veidu izstr?dei, kuri savienotu
Eiropas apdro?in??anas trad?cijas ar uz??m?jdarb?bas un finansu tirgus
?patn?b?m Latvij?.
Apdro?in??ana ir valsts ekonomikas b?tiska sast?vda?a, kura ir
pak?auta piepras?juma-pied?v?juma likumsakar?b?m. Piepras?jumu p?c
apdro?in??anas pakalpojumiem ?obr?d negat?vi ietekm? iedz?vot?ju zem?
maks?tsp?ja un nepietiekam? inform?t?ba par apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bu
pied?v?to pakalpojumu priek?roc?b?m. Tom?r p?d?jo gadu rezult?ti liecina
par ekonomikas atvese?o?anos un apdro?in??anas sektora att?st?bu.
Ir ?oti svar?gi pan?kt to, lai sabiedr?ba saprastu ka apdro?in??anas
bizness da??ji nosaka sabiedr?bas stabilit?ti un tas ir atkar?gs ne tikai
no iedz?vot?ju maks?tsp?jas, bet ar? no likumdo?anas un kontrol?jo?o
strukt?ru darba. Apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bu pied?v?to pakalpojumu kl?sts aug
no gada uz gadu un klientiem tiek pied?v?tas visda??d?k?s iesp?jas,
visda??d?kaj?s jom?s k? var apdro?in?t visus nepiecie?amos objektus.
Par apdro?in??anas objektu var b?t:
1. fizisko vai juridisko personu ?pa?ums;
2. fizisko vai juridisko personu mantisk?s ties?bas, intereses, saist?bas;
3. fizisko vai juridisko personu nemantisk?s ties?bas, intereses,
saist?bas;
4. fizisko personu dz?v?ba un vesel?ba.
Apdro?in?juma ??m?ja pr?mijas apjoms atkar?gs no apdro?in??anas veida,
summas, riska pak?pes un apdro?in??anas ilguma. Pr?mijai j?b?t t?dai, lai
t? segtu:
1. apdro?in??anas darb?bas laik? iesp?jam?s atl?dz?bas izmaksas;
2. izdevumus, izveidojot rezerves neparedz?tiem gad?jumiem, ja j?izmaks?
apdro?in??anas atl?dz?ba p?c ilg?ka laika;
3. apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bas izdevumus alg?m, rekl?mai, ofisa uztur??anai
un pe??as nodro?in??anai.
R??inot pr?mijas, ?em v?r? ??dus faktorus:
1. infl?ciju, jo naudas v?rt?ba main?s un no ?odien iemaks?taj?m pr?mij?m
n?kotn? vajadz?s izmaks?t apdro?in??anas atl?dz?bas;
2. procentu likmes;
3. izdevumus;
4. konkurenci (bie?i vien, lai palielin?tu klientu skaitu, apdro?in??anas
sabiedr?bai j?samazina pr?miju lielums).
Lai nodarboties ar apdro?in??anas uz??m?jdarb?bu ir nepiecie?ama licence,
ko izsniedz “APDRO?IN??ANAS UZRAUDZ?BAS INSPEKCIJA”. Licenci izsniedz uz
nenoteiktu laiku un katram atsevi?kam apdro?in??anas veidam. 1. pielikum?
redzams k?das licences ir izsniegtas Latvijas apdro?in??anas sabiedr?b?m.
Apdro?in??anas tirg? dr?kst nodarboties vai ar nedz?v?bas apdro?in??anu vai
ar dz?v?bas apdro?in??anu (vajag izv?l?ties kaut ko vienu).
Personu apdro?in??anas veidi ir dz?v?bas apdro?in??ana, nelaimes gad?jumu
apdro?in??ana un vesel?bas apdro?in??ana.
Apdro?inoties, apdro?in?juma ??m?js aizpilda l?gumu
Lai paaugstin?tu dro??bu l?gumos ir j?paredz:
1. sabiedr?bas ties?bas,
2. j?izsl?dz t?s slim?bas, kuras nevar iz?rst?t vai kuras ir gr?ti
iz?rst?jamas,
3. stingr?kus noteikumus polises tur?t?jam,
4. j?defin? prec?zi k?dos gad?jumos tiks sa?emta atl?dz?ba,
5. p?rapdro?in?t parakst?tos l?gumus.
Nelaimes gad?jumu un saslim?anas gad?jumos nosakot pr?mijas lielumu
?em v?r?:
1. ekonomisko valsts st?vokli,
2. m?rketinga strat??iju.
3. statistikas datus,
4. polises tur?t?ja ien?kumus,
5. str?d?jo?o un bezdarbnieku st?vokli,
6. vesel?bas st?vokli.
Liel?ks risks, liel?ka varb?t?ba saslimt, liel?ks pr?mijas apjoms.
Klients aizpildot l?gumu sniedz ??da veida inform?ciju [9; 6]:
1. v?rds, uzv?rds,
2. vecums, dzimums,
3. l?guma veids,
4. pr?mija,
5. alkohola lieto?anas, p?p??anas paradumi,
6. klienta ?rsta adrese,
7. slim?bu v?sture, pa?reiz?jais st?voklis,
8. ?imenes slim?bu v?sture.
Apr??inot pr?miju ir j??em v?r? ne tikai attiec?gaj? noda?? piemin?tie
faktori, bet ar? citu apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bu izstr?d?t? apr??inu
sist?ma, klientu piesaist??anas veidi. Zinot vair?k inform?cijas par cit?m
sabiedr?b?m, uz??mums ir konkur?tsp?j?g?ks. Svar?gi ar? savlaic?ji veidot
uzkr?jumus un rezerves lai pasarg?tu uz??mumu no neparedz?tiem zaud?jumiem.
Nedz?v?bas apdro?in??anas tirgus (risku apdro?in??ana)
Pr?mijas veidi nedz?v?bas apdro?in??an?: viens no viegl?k apr??in?miem
veidiem ir riska pr?mija. Riska pr?mija ir iemaksa, kura nosedz tikai
sagaid?m?s izmaksas. Riska pr?mija neietver izdevumus, komisijas naudu.
Riska pr?mija = sagaid?mais pieteikumu bie?ums * sagaid?m?s izmaksas
uz 1 pieteikumu.
Pr?miju nosaka ?emot v?r? iepriek??jo gadu statistikas datus.
Pieteikumu bie?umu nosaka:
|iepriek??j? gada pieteikumu |
|skaits |
|iepriek??j? gada poli?u skaits |
Pr?mijas likmes noteik?ana balst?s uz datu un faktu anal?zi, it ?pa?i
pag?tnes l?gumos noteikto pr?miju lielumu un to lielumu ietekm?jo?iem
faktoriem [9; 10].
Ja dati ir neprec?zi un neatbilsto?i, tad apr??in?t?s pr?mijas b?s
nepareizas. Piem?ram, ja pr?mijas lielums b?s noteikts p?r?k liels, tad
sabiedr?ba var zaud?t savu apdro?in??anas tirgus da?u, pazaud?t klientus.
Pe??a samazin?sies. Var rasties zaud?jumi, ja uz??mums nenosl?gs pietiekami
daudz l?gumu, lai segtu vismaz past?v?g?s izmaksas.
Ja pr?mijas lielums ir p?r?k zems, tad pe??a samazin?sies, rad?sies lieli
zaud?jumi, netiks segtas past?v?g?s izmaksas. Lai izvair?tos no t?, tad ir
j?b?t attiec?gaj?m cenu noteik?anas metod?m un prec?zai, pareizai datu
ievad??anas sist?mai, a?entu pieredzei. Tikai t?das pras?bas var garant?t
pareizu pr?miju noteik?anu ar? n?kotn?.
Latvijas nedz?v?bas tirgus att?st?bu ped?jos ?etros gados var redz?t 2.
pielikum?.
1.1.Sauszemes transportl?dzek?u ?pa?nieku civiltiesisk?s atbild?bas
oblig?t? apdro?in??ana [2;1].
Apdro?in?juma n?m?js ir transportl?dzek?a ?pa?nieks vai likum?gs t?
lietot?js. L?gumu sl?dz ar jebkuru r?c?bsp?j?gu personu. L?gumu var nosl?gt
no 15 dien?m l?dz 1 gadam vai uz p?ris dien?m.
Pr?miju nosaka atkar?b? no transportl?dzek?a veida, tipa, pieder?bas,
lieto?anas m?r?a, transportl?dzek?a piln?s masas.
Apdro?ina pret ??da veida riskiem:
1. ce?u satiksmes negad?jumiem,
2. vesel?bai nodar?tiem zaud?jumiem cietu?ai personai,
3. mantas zaud?jumiem,
4. videi nodar?tiem zaud?jumiem.
Apdro?in??anas pr?miju lielumu noteik?anas faktori:
1. Apdro?in??anas pr?miju samazina l?dz 50%, ja apdro?in??ana bijusi sp?k?
12 m?ne?us pirms l?guma sl?g?anas un ?aj? laik? ?pa?nieks neizrais?ja
ce?u satiksmes negad?jumu.
2. Apdro?in??anas pr?miju samazina par 40 % inval?diem. Pr?miju
samazin?jums nedr?kst p?rsniegt 50 % no apdro?in??anas pr?mijas lieluma.
3. Pr?miju palielina par 200 %, ja p?d?jos 12 m?ne?os pirms jauna l?guma
sl?g?anas transportl?dzek?a ?pa?nieks izrais?jis kaut vienu ce?u
satiksmes negad?jumu,
4. par 300%, ja izrais?jis negad?jumu apreibino?u vielu iespaid?.
Apdro?in??anas sabiedr?ba atl?dzina zaud?jumus, kuri nodar?ti tre?ajai
personai limita robe??s, p?r?jo sedz negad?juma izrais?t?js.
Apdro?in??anas sabiedr?ba sedz vesel?bai nodar?tos zaud?jumus ??dos
apm?ros:
1. par cietu?? ?rst??anu un p?rejo?u darbnesp?ju sedz l?dz 2000 Ls par
katru personu;
2. par darbnesp?ju palieko?u zudumu ar atbild?bas limitu pensij?m l?dz 400
Ls katrai personai;
3. sakar? ar n?vi 400 Ls, atbild?bas limitu pensij?m 400 Ls par
apg?d?jamajiem.
Sabiedr?bu izmaks?t?s atl?dz?bas par cietu?? vesel?bai nodar?tajiem
zaud?jumiem ir maz.
1.2.Transportl?dzek?a ?pa?nieka civiltiesisk?s atbild?bas br?vpr?t?g?
apdro?in??ana.
Notiekot negad?jumam, kuros zaud?jumi p?rsniedz oblig?t?s
apdro?in??anas atbild?bas limitu, personai neb?s j?atmaks? virslimits.
Klients pats var izv?l?ties apdro?in??anas atbild?bas limitu, k? ar?
periodu uz k?du nosl?gt l?gumu.
Apdro?in??anas riski: [18;1]
1. ce?u satiksmes negad?jums – nobraucot no ce?a, apg??oties, kr?tot ,
iebraucot bedr?;
2. dabas katastrofa – atl?dzina zaud?jumus transporta l?dzeklim, kam
zaud?jumi ir rad?ju?ies no zibens, v?tras, krusas, pl?du, akme?u
nogruvumu darb?bas.
3. ugunsgr?ks,
4. vand?lisms,
5. z?dz?ba.
?oti izdev?gi ir tas, ka l?gumu var p?rre?istr?t uz jaun? ?pa?nieka v?rdu,
saglab?jot iepriek??j? ?pa?nieka ties?bas, kas nav at?auts OCTA.
Apdro?in??ana darbojas Latvijas teritorij? vai ?rpus t?s.
Atl?dz?bas veidi:
1. tranaportl?dzek?a aizvieto?ana,
2. remontu darbu apmaksa,
3. naudas samaksa.
Apdro?in??anas sabiedr?ba nosaka maksim?lo limitu, par k?du t? ir ar
mieru apdro?in?t, piem. AAS BALTAI maksimali pie?auts limits ir 500 000 Ls.
1.1. tabula
Atbild?bas limits atkar?b? no iemaks?tas apdro?in??anas pr?mijas AAS
BALTA
|Apdro?in??anas pr?mijas |
|Transportl?dzek?a|Atbild?bas |1 m?nesis |Katrs n?k. |1 gads |
|veids |limits | |m?nesis | |
|Vieglie |2000 | | |25 |
|automob??i | | | | |
| |5000 | | |55 |
| |10000 |15 |6 |75 |
| |50000 |18 |7.2 |90 |
| |500000 |24 |9.6 |120 |
Atbild?bas limits tiek pied?v?ts papildus oblig?tajai apdro?in??anai.
Piem?ram, klients apdro?in?jies uz 1 gadu, iemaks?jot apdro?in??anas
pr?miju 25 Ls v?rt?b?, vi?a viet? sedz izdevumus, kuri nep?rsniedz 2000 Ls,
iepriek? sedzot oblig?to apdro?in??anas limitu. Pr?miju likmes main?sies
atkar?b? no AAS.
1.3. Apdro?in??ana nelaimes gad?jumiem transport?.
Vad?t?ja un pasa?ieru apdro?in??ana nelaimes gad?jumiem paredz
atl?dz?bu izmaksu sakar? ar nelaimes gad?jumu - p?k??u, negaid?tu, no
apdro?in?t?s personas gribas neatkar?gu notikumu, kas apdro?in?tajai
personai rad?jis miesas boj?jumus br?d?, kad t? ir atradusies polis?
nor?d?taj? transporta l?dzekl?.
Apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bas pied?v? apdro?in??anu nelaimes gad?jumiem
un to rad?taj?m sek?m (apdro?in?t?s personas n?ve, ?erme?a locek?a zudums,
p?rejo?a darbnesp?ja utt.), ietverot nelaimes gad?juma rad?to medic?nisko
izdevumu apdro?in??anu.
Apdro?in?juma ??m?js var izv?l?ties apdro?in?juma summas apm?ru, no
kuras, iest?joties apdro?in??anas gad?jumam, saska?? ar atl?dz?bas
noteik?anas tabulu procentu?li tiks noteikta apdro?in??anas atl?dz?ba. Ja
nelaimes gad?juma sekas nav nor?d?tas atl?dz?bas noteik?anas tabul?, tad
atl?dz?ba tiek apr??in?ta p?c p?rejo?as piln?gas darbnesp?jas perioda
ilguma, kuras c?lonis ir nelaimes gad?jums.
Apdro?in?juma ??m?js var izv?l?ties personu skaitu, kas tiks
apdro?in?ti nelaimes gad?jumam, konkr?t? transporta l?dzekl?. Apdro?in?juma
summu (maksim?lo atbild?bas apm?ru), no kuras procentu?li tiek apr??in?ta
apdro?in??anas atl?dz?ba, var izv?l?ties robe??s no 500Ls l?dz 25 000 Ls.
Apdro?in??anas pr?mija ir atkar?ga no klienta izv?l?t?s apdro?in?juma
summas (maksim?l? atbild?bas apm?ra), k? ar? no personu skaita, kuras tiek
apdro?in?tas.
Nelaimes gad?jums – noz?m? p?k??u, negaid?tu, neparedz?tu, no
apdro?in?t?s personas gribas neatkar?gu notikumu, kas rada miesas
boj?jumus, t.i. ievainojums (sists, griezts, durts), kas var komplic?ties
ar satricin?jumu, me???jumu, l?zumu utt..
1.4. Za??s kartes.
Za?? karte ir starptautisks civiltiesisk?s atbild?bas oblig?t?s
apdro?in??anas l?gums, ko nosl?dz Latvijas Republikas re?istr?ta
transpotrl?dzek?a ?pa?nieks valst?, kur? ir izveidota OCTA sist?ma un kura
ir Za?as kartes sist?mas dal?bvalsts kop? 1998. gada 1. j?lija [7;4].
Past?v divu veidu Latvijas Za??s kartes:
1. Za?? karte, kas ir sp?k? tikai Za??s kartes sist?mas dal?bvalst?s, bet
nav sp?k? Latvij?. Minim?lais apdro?in??anas periods ir 15 dienas. Tas ir
izdev?gi tiem klientiem , kuri ?rzem?s uzturas neilgu laiku;
2. Za?? karte, kas ir sp?k? dal?bvalst?s un Latvij?. Paredz?tas iev?rojamas
atlaides, ja l?gums nosl?gts uz laiku ilg?ku par 3 m?ne?iem. ??da veida
za??s kartes ir izdev?gas, ja ir daudzk?rt j????rso Latvijas robe?a.
Za?? karte ir motoriz?t? transporta l?dzek?a vad?t?ja civiltiesisk?s
atbild?bas apdro?in??anas polise. T? ir vad?t?ja atbild?bas apdro?in??ana
par citai personai vai t?s mantai nodar?to kait?jumu. a ?rvalst?s ir radies
ce?u satiksmes negad?jums, tad zaud?jumus apr??ina un atl?dzina t?s Za??s
kartes dal?bvalsts, kur? tas ir noticis.
1.2. tabula
Za??s kartes tarifi (Ls), kas der?gi ?rpus Latvijas robe??m
| |15 dienas |1 m?nesis |7 m?ne?i |1 gads |
|1. |Vieglie automob., |23 |35 |165 |265 |
| |kravas ma??nas, | | | | |
| |mikroautobusi | | | | |
|2. |autobusi, |65 |105 |455 |705 |
| |mikroautobusi (virs 9| | | | |
| |pasa?. viet?m) | | | | |
|3. |kravas ma??nas (virs |30 |40 |216 |346 |
| |3500 kg) | | | | |
?ie dati attiec?s uz 1998 gadu. No tabulas var secin?t, ka tarifi ir
augsti, ja ?em v?r? apst?kli, ka ?rzem?s ir stingras pras?bas, apdro?ina
liel?s naudas summ?s k? ar? atl?dz?bas ir lielas sal?dzin?jum? ar Latviju.
1.5.Uz??muma apdro?in??ana.
Iesp?jams apdro?in?t gan uzn?mumam piedero??s ?kas, pamatl?dzek?us,
ra?o?anas l?dzek?us, remonta izdevumus. [8; 77]
Ja grib apdro?in?t ?kas un b?ves, tad var ?emt v?r? ieguld?jumus
telpu remont?, iek?telpu apdar?. Maks?jumu nosaka no ?kas tipa, tehnisk?
st?vok?a, signaliz?cijas, ugunsdro??bas sist?m?m.
Uz??mumi parasti apdro?in?s bilances v?rt?b?; re?li t? nesedz visus
radu?os zaud?jumus, t?p?c iesaka apdro?in?ties uz??muma atjauno?anas
v?rt?b?. Apdro?in??anas pr?mija atkar?ga no apdro?in?juma summas, riskiem,
l?dzek?u v?rt?bas. Apdro?in??anas atl?dz?ba tiek izmaks?ta t?d? apm?r? k?ds
ir nepiecie?ams, lai veiktu atjauno?anas darbus.
Ja uz??mums nodarbojas ar b?vniec?bu, tad tas var apdro?in?t
b?vlaukuma iek?rtas, tehniku, b?vdarbus. Ja veic b?vdarbus, tad procesam
piem?ro visu risku apdro?in??anas polisi, kas ietver apdro?in??anos pret
dabas stihij?m, uguns nodar?tajiem kait?jumiem, z?dz?bu, neuzman?bas sek?m
b?vdarbu veik?anas laik?. Apdro?in??anas atl?dz?ba tiek apr??in?ta t?mes
v?rt?b?, lai atk?rtoti veiktu tos b?vdarbus, kuriem nodar?ti zaud?jumi un
atjaunotu zudu?o.
Apdro?in??an? v?lams iek?aut apdro?in??anu pret ugunsgr?kiem, jo p?c
statistikas datiem ugunsgr?ki ir visbie??k notiku?i ra?o?anas ?k?s,
dz?vojamos sektoros. Aizdeg?an?s iemesli ir sekojo?i – elektroniskie,
neuzman?ga apie?an?s ar uguni, ?aunpr?t?ga dedzin??ana.
Daudzi uz??mumi, kuriem ir lieli ra?o?anas cehi un kuri nodarbojas ar
ra?o?anu ir izdev?gi izmantot komplekso apdro?in??anas polisi.
1.6. Uz??m?jdarb?bas p?rtrauk?anas apdro?in??ana.
Uz??m?jiem tiek pied?v?ts papildus ?pa?uma apdro?in??anai
apdro?in?ties pret ?pa?uma apdro?in??anas risku izrais?tiem zaud?jumiem
uz??muma pe???, kas radu?ies uz??m?jdarb?bas p?rtrauk?anas period?, t. sk.
apdro?in?t?js sedz ?aj? period? izmaks?t?s darbinieku algas un uz??muma
past?v?g?s izmaksas. ?? apdro?in??ana paredz zaud?jumu atl?dz?bu l?dz
uz??m?jdarb?bas p?rtrauk?anas perioda beig?m, t.i., piln?gai
uz??m?jdarb?bas atjauno?anai vai l?dz polis? noteiktam termi?am, atkar?b?
no t?, kur? notikums iest?jas pirmais. Oblig?ta pras?ba pie uz??m?jdarb?bas
p?rtrauk?anas apdro?in??anas ir ?pa?uma apdro?in??ana. ??s apdro?in??anas
izpratn? sekojo?as ?pa?uma apdro?in??anas risku grupas var izrais?t
uz??m?jdarb?bas p?rtrauk?anu: ugunsgr?ka rad?tie boj?jumi, v?tras, krusas,
pl?du rad?tie zaud?jumi, in?enierkomunik?ciju av?rijas, ?dens rad?tie
boj?jumi, z?dz?ba un laup??ana. Apdro?in?juma summa tiek apr??in?ta, izejot
no eso?ajiem finansu datiem, ?emot v?r? uz??muma att?st?bas tendences un
prognozes. Apdro?in??anas pr?miju apr??ina no apdro?in?juma summas, ?emot
v?r? klienta izv?l?tos ?pa?uma apdro?in??anas riskus, attiec?go telpu un
?ku st?vokli, signaliz?cijas sist?mu esam?bu u.tml. Apdro?in??anas
atl?dz?ba tiek apr??in?ta par uz??m?jdarb?bas p?rtrauk?anas periodu, ?emot
v?r? ietaup?t?s izmaksas. Apdro?in??anas atl?dz?ba var iek?aut ar? papildus
izmaksas, kas saist?tas ar uz??m?jdarb?bas turpin??anu vai atr?ku
atjauno?anu.
2. Dz?v?bas apdro?in??anas tirgus
Dz?v?bas apdro?in??ana ir viens no pieprasit?kiem apdro?in??anas
veidiem. ?odienas Latvijas dz?v?bas apdro?in??anas tirgus st?vokli, un tas
p?d?jo gadu statistiku var redz?t 3. pielikum?.
Nosl?dzot l?gumu par dz?v?bas apdro?in??anu var paredz?t, ka, iest?joties
apdro?in??anas gad?jumam, apdro?in?t?js izmaks? apdro?in?juma summu vai
citu apdro?in??anas l?gum? paredz?to summu, kuras apm?rs ir noteikts,
sl?dzot apdro?in??anas l?gumu. ??dos gad?jumos netiek piem?rots
kompens?cijas princips. Personu apdro?in??an?, iz?emot dz?v?bas
apdro?in??anu, l?gumsl?dz?jas puses apdro?in??anas l?gum? var vienoties par
kompens?cijas principa piem?ro?anu apdro?in??anas atl?dz?bas izmaks?.
Apdro?in?tajam ir ties?bas dz?v?bas un nelaimes gad?jumu apdro?in??anas
l?gumos nor?d?t vienu vai vair?kas personas — labuma guv?jus, kas sa?ems
apdro?in??anas atl?dz?bu apdro?in?t? n?ves gad?jum?, k? ar? aizst?t ??s
personas ar cit?m person?m apdro?in??anas l?guma darb?bas laik?.
Ja ir augsts nelaimes , saslim?anas vai citu gad?jumu skaits, tad
attiec?gi pieaug izdevumi, pr?miju likme palielin?s, bet ja ir zems
apdro?in??anas notikumu skaits, tad izmaksas samazin?s un pr?miju likme
samazin?s.
Bruto pr?mijas apr??in??ana [9;14 ]. Par pamatu ??s pr?mijas
apr??in??anai ??m v?r?:
1. riska pr?miju,
2. izdevumus (uz katru polisi, past?v?g?s izmaksas, u.c. izmaksas),
3. komisijas naudu,
4. neparedz?to apst?k?u ietekmi,
5. invest?ciju ien?kumus.
Bruto pr?mija = riska pr?mija+ izdevumi
Risku veidi dz?v?bas apdro?in??an?
[9;1].
1. notiek nelaimes gad?jums, sabiedr?bai j?atmaks? vair?k nek? t? bija
pl?nojusi,
2. palielin?s cenas medic?nas pakalpojumiem,
3. izmai?as likumdo?an?,
4. konkurenti samazina pr?mijas lielumu,
5. izmain?s statistikas dati, palielin?s negad?jumu skaits,
6. medic?nas zin?tnes att?st?ba, palielin?s sabiedr?bas izdevumus,
7. jaunas slim?bas,
8. izmai?as apdro?in??anas politik?,
9. jaunas apr??in??anas metodes, jauni pakalpojumi.
2.1. Vesel?bas apdro?in??ana.
Pasaul? medic?na ir viena no d?rg?kaj?m un dinamisk?kaj?m nozar?m. Ar?
Latvij? notiek medic?nas pakalpojumu sad?rdzin??an?s. Palielin?s modernu
medic?nisko aparat?ru ieg?des un uztur??anas izmaksas. Valsts bud?eta
l?dzek?i nesp?j nosegt pieaugo??s izmaksas, veidojas l?dzek?u tr?kums un
palielin?s t? izmaksu da?a, kas j?sedz pa?am pakalpojuma ??m?jam.
Apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bas iedz?vot?jiem un to darba dev?jiem s?ka
pied?v?t vesel?bas apdro?in??anas pakalpojumus. ?is vesel?bas
apdro?in??anas pied?v?jums ir izstr?d?ts t?, lai aptvertu to visu
medic?nisk?s apr?pes pakalpojumu loku, kas b?tisks darba dev?jam -
profilaktisk?s apskates, vakcin?cijas, medic?nisk? apskate jau p?c
apdro?in??anas l?guma nosl?g?anas (iepaz??an?s ar izv?l?to ?imenes ?rstu un
vesel?bas p?rbaude), neatliekam? medic?nisk? pal?dz?ba, medic?niskais
transports, diagnostikas un ?rstniec?bas pas?kumi doktor?tos un medic?nas
centros, oper?cijas, paaugstin?ta komforta apst?k?i stacion?ros, atlaides
zob?rstniec?bai, apmaks?tas sporta nodarb?bas peldbaseinos un trena?ieru
z?l?s, darbinieku ?imenes locek?u vesel?bas apdro?in??ana.
No darba ??m?ju puses ir svar?gi, lai darba dev?js nodro?in?tu t?das
soci?l?s garantijas, k? vesel?bas apdro?in??ana. Turkl?t ar? darba dev?ji
arvien bie??k p?rliecin?s par to, ka izdev?g?k ir laikus par?p?ties par
savu darbinieku vesel?bu.
Vesel?bas apdro?in??ana ir br?vpr?t?ga apdro?in??ana, paredzot segt
maks?jumus par apdro?in?tiem sniegtajiem ?rstnieciskajiem pakalpojumiem,
kurus nenodro?ina valsts no oblig?t?s vesel?bas apdro?in??anas l?dzek?iem.
Atbilsto?i katras polises v?rt?bai tiek atbilsto?i segti klienta izdevumi
[17;1].
Piem?ram apdro?inoties un iemaks?jot pr?miju 500 Ls v?rt?b?
apdro?in??anas sabiedr?ba apmaks?s pilnu vesel?bas apr?pi ?rst?joties pie
?imenes ?rsta ambulator? ?rstniec?bas iest?d?, kurai ir j?b?t
l?gumattiec?b?s ar apdro?in??anas sabiedr?bu, AAS apmaks?s ambulatoros
medic?niskos maksas pakalpojumus, z??u ieg?di. Polis? paredz ar?
pakalpojumus, kuri netiks apmaks?ti.
Ja klients apdro?in?s, tad tiks apmaks?ti ??di pakalpojumi:
. pacienta iemaksa polikl?nik?,
. ?rst??an?s stacion?r?,
. ?rsta m?jas viz?te,
. pl?nveida oper?cijas,
. injekcijas, proced?ra, izzi?as,
. vakc?nas,
. med. ieg?de,
. zob?rstniec?ba.
Atmaks??anas lielums ir atkar?gs no polises gada cenas.
Apdro?inoties klientam ir iesp?jams sa?emt daudzus medic?niskos
pakalpojumus l?t?k, kas ir diez | |
