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Реферат: The 70-th anniversary (Иностранные языки)
The 70-th anniversary.
Our teachers and students have prepared for their 70-th anniversary for
more than a year. During the last few years all meetings and arrangements
at the Technical School were devoted to this date.
Administrative teaching staff and the Methodical Council announced a
competition among the Subject commissions and classrooms.
So in 2000 a Subject commission of management and marketing became the
winner and in 2001 Russian and Literature classroom took the first place.
The winners were awarded with valuable presents which help to improve
educational process. ( TV sets, cameras and so on.).
Different kinds of sports competitions were held among the students as
great attention is given to sports activities at our Technical School.
Sport is an essential part of our daily life. School teams were a great
success at the competitions held among the educational institutions of our
town.
Amateur art activities are very popular among our students who made
glad not only their classmates and teachers but the inhabitants of
Pyatigorsk too. Our students became the winners of the festival "The
Students' Spring – 2000".
We have a traditional contest "The Student of a year". In 2001 a third
year student of the Management Department Andreasyan Tamara was the winner.
The Preparatory Committee was headed by Deputy Directors O.V. Kovalyova
and A.M. Kartashov.
A.V. Poplavskaya with a group of students studied thoroughly the
history of the Technical School. They worked at the archives, met and
corresponded with graduates and former teachers. The result of this work
was a Technical School Museum which renewed its work on the 27-th of April,
2001, the day of our anniversary. The museum tells us about the history of
the Technical School.
Our sponsors among whom were former graduates M.M. Mosheev, A.N. Bonus,
E.D. Mardahayev, U.A. Timoshenko, some enterprises PLC "Holod", sanatorium
"Rodnik" and many others gave a real help in celebrations.
The jubilee celebrations lasted from April 20 till 27. During this
week, a lot of events took place at our Technical School: students' art
exhibition, the exhibition of cookery, graduates' meeting; photo-
exhibition and many others.
Students' art exhibition was really remarkable. The students of the 1 –
4 courses and of all specialties took part in it. The visitors were
impressed by works greatly. The exhibits were made of different materials:
wood, straw, glass, bone, stone. Their works were distinguished by a
romantic perception of life and nature. The artistic language was simple
and clear. But what impressed mostly – is the variety of genres: painting,
sculpture, embroidery, knitting, musical compositions, batik and many
others. Subject-matter was various: "Students' life", "Nature", "Folk
motifs", "Study of local lore", "Abstract Art", "Portraits". It was
pleasant to know that out students are interested in old traditions. But
they are also good at making new ones.
And we are sure now that there are a lot of gifted, talented, keen
people here. They reflected in their works world view, readiness to
mystification, practical jokes, disposition, analysis, vigilance.
The cookery exhibition was organized during this week too. With the
help of the teachers the students did their best. It was a great success.
The dishes of the Culinary Association of Caucasian Mineral Waters were
also represented there.
All in all the students showed 27 special banquet dishes, made at a
high professional level. While making sweet dishes and pastry the students
showed fantasy. Everything looked very realistic. The tarts "Fruit basket"
and "Opened book" were awarded a prize. The exhibition was in limelight.
Its motto was "Art of cookery is the source of delicious and healthy
food". The Association of Culinary Experts of KMV. (president A.N. Sobolev)
also represented the dishes of high culinary trade. The jubilee panel made
of multi–colored macaroni foods attracted special attention.
The exhibition showed that the students and teachers of Technological
Department work with enthusiasm and love for their profession.
As you know well served table is the top of hospitality. An attractive
food service style adds to the attractiveness of meal. Another important
part of the meal service is correct table setting. Any meal will be tasty
when eaten at a nicely covered table and you shouldn't limit your fantasy
here.
Anniversary celebrations at our Technical School gave rise to
imagination of 3-d year students of the Department of "Service organization
at public catering establishments". They created their own compositions of
holiday tables. Their fantasy in choosing the theme of tables settings was
unique.
Competent judges with A.N. Sobolev a President of Culinary Association
of KMV at the head had to appraise the creative work of future specialists
in the sphere of service.
The students represented holiday tables under different subject-
matters: "Easter", "Awakening of Spring", "Day of Humor", "Victory Day",
"Mother's Day". The students selected all the elements of setting to their
taste: sets, candles, originally folded napkins, flowers. Unusual
accessories added a special nuance of individuality to their tables. Each
table had its own unique style.
Over 400 graduates and guests visited the anniversary celebrations. The
week was concluded with a festival where gathered graduates of all
generations, honored guests, teachers and students of the Technical School.
The history met with the present. Reminiscences of teachers – veterans,
graduates alternated with the best items of amateur art activities of
students.
The assistant of the Head of the administration of Pyatigorsk I.V.
Kalinsky, the representatives of higher educational institutions, technical
schools, organizations and enterprises of KMV congratulated the Technical
School.
The Head of the Personnel and State Service Department of Ministry of
Economic Development and Trade of Russian Federation V.M. Makarov
congratulated the body of the Technical School with the anniversary and
gave the teachers awards of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Economic
Development of Russian Federation.
43 teacher and workers of the Technical School were awarded on that
date.
The History of the Technical School
At the bottom of the mountains of Mashuk and Beshtau there is a world
popular health resort town of Pyatigorsk. It was founded 221 years ago. Now
it is widely known in Russia and abroad.
There is the oldest technical school in Pyatigorsk. – the Technical
School of Trade and Economy there. It is situated in Universitetskaya
Street in the shade of chestnuts. It celebrated the 70-th anniversary in
2001 .
Its history began in 1931 when a Decision № 107 of Narcomsnab College
of December 15, 1931 to found a technical school of Rostorgovlya in the
North Caucasus was made. There were 90 students in 1931. The first
graduation was in 1934.
During the fascist occupation the town was ruined (9.08.1942 – 11.01.
1943). The building of the Technical School was completely destroyed as
well. But according to the decision of Pyatigorsk Town Council began its
work again in 41, Universitetskaya Street, just the very place the school
is situated nowadays. Now it is a newly built modern school consisting of
three buildings. It was done with the help of students.
In 1963 there was built a new four – storied hostel, where 120 students
live now. There is a library, a reading-room, a rest-room there. Tea-
parties, "Ogonkis", meetings with interesting people, debates, reading
conferences are often held here.
In 1970 twelve teachers were rewarded with medals "For Valiant Labor"
for their large contribution to the development of teaching and
educational process, 14 teachers were marked with the sign "Excellent
Teacher of Socialist Competition" of the Ministry of Trade of the Russian
Federation.. 12 teachers were rewarded with the Lenin Jubilee medals.
In 1972-1974 with the help of students a new three – storied building
was attached to an old one.
Chemical and technological laboratories, students' canteen for 120
places and the pride of the technical school - a gymnasium are placed
there.
For great success in communist education of youth, for taking an active
part in mass defensive work, for spreading political and scientific
knowledge among the population, for physical culture development and
sports in our town the Technical School was rewarded with diplomas of the
Central Committee of the Leninist Young Communist League of the Soviet
Union, Ministry of Education of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist
Republic (RSFSR), territorial Party Committee, town Party Committee,
territory executive committee, by the board of administration of
territorial branch of all-union society "Znanie" etc.
By the order of Ministry of Education of the RSFSR № 145 06.03.1984
"About affirmation of basic special colleges on the territory of Stavropol
and Krasnodar regions" Pyatigorsk Technical School of Soviet Trade was
confirmed as basic among special educational institutions of Stavropol
region.
For training skilled specialists for trade and public catering
establishments the Technical School was rewarded according to its deserts
with diplomas of managing department of Stavropol territory executive
committee, territorial Party Committee and the town Party Committee.
The Technical School has done a lot of good. For making good progress
in sports and physical training it was given the name "Youth" by the All –
Union Council of Voluntary Sport Societies of Trade Unions in the
competition with other educational institutions. During this period we
have trained 11 Masters of Sports, 5 Candidates of Sports, 237 sportsmen of
the first degree.
The tradition of holding of "The Day of Health" is still taking place
at the Technical School as well as basketball, volleyball, table-tennis,
mini-soccer, track-and-field athletics competitions , cross-country races.
In 1981 the Technical School celebrated its 50-th anniversary. There
had been 73 graduations by this time, 20600 specialists for national
economy: experts of food and non-food products, goods managers in public
catering establishments had been trained and assigned to work to 340 cities
and villages of our country.
From 1977 till 1989 the Technical School cooperated with the College of
internal trade in Dresden (GDR), which had many branches in other towns.
Every year we exchanged delegations for 20 days. During that time the
students studied the forms of trade of our countries. They also had a
course of training at the best enterprises of the Caucasian spa region:
Pyatigorsk, Kislowodsk, Yessentuki, Mineral Waters and in the towns of GDR:
Dresden, Leipzig, Magdeburg and others.
From 1991 – till 1994 our Technical School exchanged delegations with
the American Culinary Association. Our teachers and students were a part of
the delegation. The Americans were given a certificate after a short course
in Russian, national cuisine of Russia and Caucasus.
It's a pleasure to note the fact that nowadays more than 400 former
students work successfully in Stavropol region as the leaders of different
large enterprises of retail and wholesale trade and in public catering
establishments.
Rewards
|1. Decoration "Honorary worker of special Secondary Education |
| |
|1. Kuznetsova L.U. |
|2. Gaivoronsky K.Y. |
|3. Kartashov A.M. |
|4. Yefimenko T.V. |
|5. Bogacheva M.V. |
|6. Kovalyova O.V. |
| |
|2. Diploma of Honor of Ministry of Education of Russian Federation |
| |
|1. Galko I.A. |
|2. Dudnikova T.I. |
|3. Subotch Ye.L. |
|4. Ausheva Z.V. |
|5. Dementyeva L.A. |
|6. Bushueva Y.V. |
|7. Didenko T.V. |
|8. Shabunina I.D. |
|9. Rublyova Z.I. |
|10. Globa M.I. |
| |
|3. Diploma of Honor of Stavropol region Governor |
| |
|1. Filimynova A.P. |
|2. Vladimirova L.V. |
|3. Popko T.G. |
|4. Yanborisova L.F. |
|5. Belonogova I.F. |
|6. Prosulova S.A. |
|7. Somkina L.V. |
|8. Pirskaya L.V. |
| |
|Diploma of Honor of Ministry of Education Stavropol region |
| |
|1. Volobuyeva M.V. |
|2. Ankrinova V.F. |
|3. Gordeytchuk A.B/ |
|Batmanova L. A. |
|Podolskaya O. V. |
|Serikova V. V. |
| |
|Diploma of Honor of the Head of Pyatigorsk |
| |
|1. Lobanova N.V. |
|2. Rudakov S.V. |
|3. Ivanidi Ye.D. |
|4. Poplavskaya A.V. |
|5. Dubova L.V. |
|6. Mosheyeva V.G. |
|7. Starchenko l..P. |
|8. Selina L.I. |
Entering Rules
State educational establishment was founded for training trade
specialists of medium level. It was given the State Certificate by the
Ministry of General and Professional education of Russian Federation (Order
№ 875 from 06.04.98) in 1998 and 199 we passed State accreditation
successfully (certificate № 25 –0524 from 07.12.99).
The training is conducted on the basis of a middle and full secondary
education (9 and 11 forms) in full-time or part-time forms in the following
specialities:
1. Economics, Accounting and Control.
2. Science of Commodities.
3. Commerce.
4. Management
5. Marketing.
6. Jurisprudence.
7. Technology of public catering products.
8. Organization of service at public catering establishments.
While studying at the Technical School the students are granted a
deferment of Service in the RF Armed Forces.
The graduates of the Technical School have an opportunity to get higher
education by post-graduate study (3,5 years) at the Pyatigorsk branch of
North Caucasian State Technical University, a good partner of the School
during many years.
The education is free of charge at any speciality, but " Economics,
Accounting and Control" (full-time education).
Documents are being received from June, 1, till July, 31. The entering
tests are conducted as far as the documents are presented.
School-leavers must present the following documents.
. School-graduation certificate or equivalent diploma with a list of
disciplines and examination marks. Copies are not accepted.
. Medical certificate in accordance with Russian form 086/Y.
. A copy of the work-book (for working people).
. 6 photos 3 x 4 cm size.
The graduates get a State diploma of education.
You may get any information by telephone (87933) 5-72-34, fax 5-13-72.
Specialities
Lawyer – speciality 0201 "Jurisprudence", the activity of a lawyer is
aimed at realization of legal norms and securing of law and order in our
society; the objects of professional activity are legal relations at the
organizations of different forms of property.
Accountant – speciality 0601 "Economics, Accounting and Control". The
profession of an accountant is aimed at the sphere of economical and
financial activities of firms; their professional objects are: firm's
property, own capital, duties, accounting and control of financial
economical activities, normative and registrative and managerial
documentation; an accountant carries out economical, analytical and final
controlling activities.
Manager – speciality 0602 "Management"; a manager goes in for
managerial and economical activities, ensures rational management of
economical processes, organisation of all system of management and its
improvement, carries out organisation – managerial, planning, control and
analytical activities.
Marketer – speciality 0607 "Marketing"; the objects of a professional
activity of marketer are requirements and goods policy of firms; their
activity is aimed at researching consumer needs and stimulating of sale of
goods and rendering services; marketer carries out marketing , economical,
control-analytical, accounting – saling information activity.
Businessman – speciality 0608 "Commerce". A businessman works in the
sphere of circulation, aimed at bringing of goods and services from
producers to consumers. Objects of professional work of a businessman are:
processes of realization of goods and services, technological,
organizational processes and informational insurance of movement of the
goods. A businessman carries out commercial, organisational – managerial,
marketing and foreign economic activity.
Goods Expert – speciality 0612 "Science of Commodities". The objects of
the activity of a goods expert are goods, ensuring of goods movement. Goods
examination is aimed at identification, appraisal and management of quality
and range of goods, ensuring the retaining of goods consignments. Goods
expert carries out expert, commercial, organisation – managerial,
technological and marketing activities.
Technologist – speciality 2711 "Technology of public catering
products". He is in the sphere of producing and circulation. He carries out
producing, technological, organisation-managerial, controlling activity
aimed at producing and realization of culinary and confectionery goods,
service of customers, satisfaction of their real and future requirements.
Manager – speciality 2311 "Organization of service at public catering
establishments." A manager renders services at public catering and ensures
information maintenance, getting goods and services to customers.
The Technical School Today
The aim of the Technical School is to prepare specialists of high
professionalism and inner culture.
The main tasks are:
. to accustom the students to common to all mankind values; to form
their adequate behaviour.
. to develop their abilities for further training and for conducting
their professional activities.
. to seize ethic and legal rules regulating the relations between the
people, towards the society and the surroundings
Nowadays the Technical School lives a very interesting and full life.
It has achieved a lot during these 70 years. These achievements belong both
to teachers and students.
For example, our girl-students regularly take prize places in aerobic
in our town and region. In table-tennis and dumb-bell our students took the
second place in the competition between the Technical Schools of the
Ministry of economic development and Trade in Kursk (1999). We constantly
take first places in town games.
In accordance with the aesthetical direction of education we have a
general class meeting (or class-hour) when we visit concerts, performances,
listen to the people of art. Amateur Student groups of the Technical School
took part in the festival "Students' spring" and became laureates.
It is a tradition now at the Technical School to meet with its
graduates – this is a real connection of generation. While talking at such
meetings the managerial staff of the enterprises tell about the shortage of
specialists in the region. The market demands competent and qualified
specialists of modern direction (business-man; lawyers; managers,
marketers)
That's why by adding a new two-storied building we enlarged our
material and technical basis and could open new specialities:
"Management", "Commerce", "Jurisprudence", "Marketing", "Organization of
service at public catering establishments." Our graduates come with
presents, tell about their experience of work, invite our students to work
to their enterprises. Beautiful vases, pictures, VCR "Samsung", telephones,
clocks – all these and many other presents of our graduates decorate the
studies and lecture-rooms of the Technical School.
In 1989 two computer classes and a cabinet were opened here, they gave
our teachers and students the opportunity to make themselves familiar with
new computer technologies. Most of our teachers in order to solve our main
methodical problem "Computerization of educational process" had finished
computer courses. But that wasn't enough, the year 1999 showed the
necessity of the creation of a laboratory "Training Accounting"
The laboratory is well equipped with modern computers with legal
information systems "Consultant-accountant", "Directory on taxes and
taxation", software "Best". Future lawyers work with the programme
"Consultant Plus".
In 1991 there was organised a methodical cabinet at the Technical
School, and Mariya Vladimirovna Bogacheva became its director. Our
methodical work is directed on creation of conditions for teachers for
their fruitful work. The main tasks of this cabinet are to teach, to help,
to interest. During the whole history of the development of the Technical
School the teaching staff puts and solves concrete methodical aims, based
on the principle of training high qualified specialists, meeting the
requirements of educational standard. The distinctive feature of the
improvement of our methodical basis is step-by-step research accumulation
and the highest possible utilization of all methodical knowledge in all
aspects of pedagogical activities.
Nowadays the pedagogical staff works out educational and methodical
complexes on different disciplines, collection of practical works, tasks in
economics, accounting. There is a methodical council at the Technical
School, O.V. Kovalyova, the Deputy Director in educational work, is its
President, under the direct guidance of the Council the certification and
recertification of teachers and masters of practical training has been
held. Great attention is paid to young teachers. No one is left aside.
The chairmen of cycle commissions help the teachers in their methodical
work. There are 10 of them at the Technical School. They are headed by the
teachers of the highest category. At the end of each year there is a
competition for the best commission. The winners are awarded with valuable
presents.
It has already become a tradition to hold the weeks of specialists,
when each cycle commission presents its speciality. Many interesting,
necessary and useful things are held: presentations of goods on the bases
of practical training (they are usually organised with the help of our
teachers and masters of practical training); setting of theme tables,
exhibitions of cocktails, cookery, confectionary prepared by students.
Practical training of students, which takes from 40% to 50% of the
whole volume of training, helps to raise the quality of future specialists.
During their industrial (professional) training the students consolidate
and deepen the knowledge they have got during, their theoretical training,
acquire skills and habits.
There are different forms and methods of practical training:
educational, industrial, technological, before the diploma (on their
speciality).
Practical training takes place at the largest and the best enterprises
of trade and public catering in the towns of Caucasian Mineral Waters. Many
of them are headed by our graduates.
On the group of non-food products the bases for practical training are:
"The Department Store № 1" LTD, "Children's World" LTD in Pyatigorsk; on
the group of food products – the Shop № 1 Public Limited Company (PLC)
"Holod" in Pyatigorsk.
For the speciality № 2711 "Technology of public catering products"
there are the following practical training bases: the restaurants
"Friendship" ("Drughba") in Kislovodsk, "Tselebny Narzan" ("Curative
Narzan") in Kislovodsk, the Technical School canteen, the refectory of the
sanatorium "Spring" ("Rodnik") in Pyatigorsk, "Ukraine" and "Kazakhstan" in
Essentuki.
For the speciality № 2311 " Organization of service at public catering
establishments" there are the following practical training bases: the
restaurants "Intourist", "Pyatigorsk" and "Hermitage" in Pyatigorsk, the
cafe "Beks".
The students of the speciality № 0607 "Marketing" and № 0602
"Management" have their practical training in typing and computer clerical
work in the offices of the Technical School under the guidance of the
teachers of special subjects, and practical training in clerical work at
the enterprises and in offices working as secretaries and leaders of the
enterprises.
The industrial training of the students of the speciality № 0201 "
Jurisprudence" is held in the Procurator's Office, in the district court
and in the Administrations of the towns of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.
The practical training of the students of the speciality № 0601 "
Economics, Accounting and Control" takes place in the laboratory "Training
Accounting" at the Technical School.
Some arrangements (many of which have become traditional – "Ordaiting",
Teachers' Day", 'The New Year", "The Students' Spring", "The Day of
Health", the meeting of KVN teams) take an important place in educational
system of the Technical School. All these arrangements are held
collectively, uniting a large number of students, who divide according to
their interests to managers, script-writers, painters, sound producers,
decorators and participants of amateur art activities. Such groups are not
stable, they are organized for one arrangement but they let all the
students try their abilities in different creative groups.
Active participation of students in social life of the Technical
School, high quality of their studies, their participation in sports
championships help to organize competitions for the title "The best student
of the group", "The best student of the Technical School". The students
themselves nominate candidates considering the results of the academic year
and the Pedagogical Council affirms them.
The best students are awarded with scholarships of the Ministry, the
Governor of Stavropol region and the mayor of Pyatigorsk.
Good material base, sports, educational, methodical work assist in
graduation of specialists in accordance with the demands of the State
Educational Standard. In spite of its so respectable age Technical School
lives a bright, colorful life…
Our graduates
For 70 years more than 30.000 specialists graduated from the
Pyatigorsk Technical School of Trade and Economy. Among them there are a
lot of graduates who achieved excellent results in their work.
Nowadays more than 400 graduates of the Technical School work
successfully as leaders of large wholesale and retail trade companies and
public catering establishments.
Our Technical School is proud of these graduates:
1. Kalinski Igor Vasilievich – graduated from the Technical School in
1964. Speciality " Science of Commodities" (food-stuffs) works now
as the assistant of the Head of the administration of Pyatigorsk.
Doctor of Economics.
2. Sobolev Alexander Nikolaevich – 1962, "Technology of public catering
services", works now as the Director of the restaurant "Intourist",
Public Limited Company "Stavropolintur".
3. Girya Anatoly Nikolaevich – 1960, "Science of Commodities" (food-
stuffs) works now as the Director of the Limited Company
"Stroimaterialy" ("Building Materials") "Veteran of Labour".
4. Gaidash Nikolai Grigorievich – 1960, "Science of Commodities" (food-
stuffs) works now as the Director General of the Public Limited
Company "Rubin" in Lermontov, Honoured Tradesman of Russian
Federation.
5. Timoshenko Yuri Alexandrovich – 1974, "Science of Commodities" (food-
stuffs) works now as the Director General of "Lyudmila and C( LTD.
6. Bogachev Valeri Ivanovich – 1969, "Science of Commodities" (food-
stuffs) "Excellent Worker of Soviet Trade", "Veteran of Labour",
"Honoured Worker of Rosmyasomoltorg", works now as the Director
General of "Entrepreneur" LTD.
7. The Mosheyev's dynasty.
. Mosheyev M.M -1980, works now as the Director General of "Epos"
LTD.
Mosheyeva V.G. – 1982, is a teacher of the Technical School.
Their children – Lyudmila and Sergei – graduated in 1999. Lyubov and
Victoria are our students.
8. Shalaev Oleg Ivanovich – 1951, "Science of Commodities" he has been
working for more than 35 years as the Director of Essentuky Culinary
School.
9. Mardakhaev Ekman Danilovich – 1990, "Technology of public catering
products", the Director of a Private Limited Company, "Univermag" №
1 (The department Store № 1) Pyatigorsk.
10. Murmuridis Panteleimon Grigorievich – 1957, "Science of Commodities"
(non - food-stuffs), worked in a state trade inspection, as a manager of
a trust of restaurants and canteens in Pyatigorsk, a Director of tourist
hotel "Beshtau"
11. Martirosov Eduard Avetistovich – 1984, was an excellent student, his
speciality is "Technology of public catering products", the Chief of
Nevinnomissk branch of ORS of North- Caucasian railway.
12. Ulko Oleg Vasilievich – 1961, "Science of Commodities", the Director
of "Gorcooptorg" LTD.
13. Arutyunov Sergei Akopovich – 1960, "Science of Commodities", worked
as a manager of "Kurortprodtorg" in Pyatigorsk.
14. Mogilni Mikhail Pavlovich – 1961, "Technology of public catering
products", Assistant Professor of Pyatigorsk Technological
University.
15. Kalashnikov Vasili Mikhailovich – 1973, "Technology of public
catering products" works now as the Director General of a Joint
Stock Company "Lyudmila +".
16. Bonus Alexander Petrovich – 1976 , "Science of Commodities", the
Director General of a market "21-st Century".
17. Dvizkova Dina Petrovna – 1976, "Accounting in Trade", is a Chief
Accountant of a Public Limited Company "Holod".
Some of our graduates return to the Technical School as
teachers and work for many years. They are:
1. Shabunina Irina Dmitrievna – 1976, "Technology of public catering
products", has been working at the Technical School for 19 years,
she is the Head of the technological laboratory.
2. Mityukova Elena Vyacheslavovna – 1997, "Management", is a teacher of
logic, ethics and aesthetics.
3. Filimyanova Alla Panteleyevna – 1979, "Science of Commodities",
master of practical training, has been working for 20 year.
4. Mosheyeva Vera Georgievna – 1982, "Technology of public catering
products", a teacher of organization and technology of selling
goods, the chairman of a cycle commission.
5. Dubova Lyudmila Vladimirovna – 1970, "Science of Commodities", (food
stuffs), a teacher of organization and technology of selling goods,
has been working at the Technical School for 20 years.
6. Kiryakova Lidiya Sergeevna – 1977, "Accounting in Trade", a teacher
of the highest category, has been working here for 23 years.
7. Krizhanovskaya Tamara Ivanovna – 1960, "Science of Commodities", had
worked as a teacher of "Science of Commodities" for 19 years.
8. Globa Mariya Ivanovna – 1975, "Technology of public catering
products", a teacher of organization of production and Service at
the public catering , has been working at our school for 23 years.
9. Bogacheva Mariya Vladimirovna - 1969, " Science of Commodities"
(food stuffs), a teacher of the highest category, the Director of
the Methodical Cabinet, has been working for 20 years.
10. Yefimenko Tamara Vasilievna – 1981, "Technology of public catering
products", the Head of a full-time education department, has been
working for 20 years.
11. Kovalyeva Olga Vitalievna – 1977, "Science of Commodities" (food
stuffs), the Deputy Director in educational work, a teacher of the
highest category, has been working for 20 years.
12. Somkina Lyudmila Vladimirovna – 1966, "Technology of public catering
products", the Head of a full-time education department, a teacher
of the highest category, has been working for 30 years.
13. Burtseva Darya Grigorievna - 1967, "Science of Commodities" (non-
food stuffs), had worked as a master of practical training for
more than 20 years.
14. Muchkina Tamara Grigorievna - 1952, "Science of Commodities" (food
stuffs), had worked for more than 20 years a teacher of organization
and technology of selling goods.
15. Dudnikova Tatyana Ivanovna – 1971, "Science of Commodities" a
teacher of the highest category, has been working for 10 years.
There are many young teachers as well:
1. Kovalyeva Nadezhda Sergeyevna – 1998, "Economics, Accounting and
Control", the Head of the laboratory " Training Accounting "
2. Dimitskaya Yulia Sergeyevna – 1994, "Science of Commodities", a
teacher of finance, credit and money circulation.
3. Paiko Elena Evgenievna – 1994, "Science of Commodities", a teacher
of Economics and analysis of economical activity.
4. Megayeva Svetlana Vladimirovna – 1991, "Economics, Accounting and
Control", a teacher of financial management and taxes.
5. Fedchenko Irina Sergeyevna – 1998, "Economics, Accounting and
Control", a teacher of the laboratory " Training Accounting ".
One of the authors of this site is also a graduate of our Technical
School Pesotskaya Vladislava Vladimirovna ( www. vlada. mashuk. ru), she
graduated in 1996, her speciality was "Commerce" and now she works as an
Information Technologies Manager in Web-studio "Mashuk".
Реферат на тему: The Adverse Effects of Green Lawns
The Adverse Effects of Green Lawns
An Essay By
Mekan Melyayev
English Composition 121
February 26, 2002
Essay: The adverse effects of green lawns.
Lush, green, beautiful lawns surround almost every house in my
suburban neighborhood. Green lawns are part of suburban culture. Few
people consider the idea of not having one. The Associated Landscape
Contractors of America, a trade group, claims, "A properly installed and
maintained lawn gives homeowners a 100 to 200 percent return on their
investment and increases overall property values in the neighborhood"
(http://www.homestore.com). Conversely, a poorly maintained lawn reduces
property values for the neighborhood. Thus it makes sense to believe that
people who own lavish, evenly trimmed, green lawns with no weeds or insect
pests are good neighbors and responsible citizens.
This, however, doesn’t mean that a nation of neighborhoods with such
lawns is a nation of good neighbors and responsible citizens. Such
neighborhoods come with a hidden cost to society and to future generations.
All homeowners know the price they personally pay to maintain their lawn.
But they might not know that, far from being a harmless means of
beautifying homes, the maintenance of lavish lawns has at least four
serious consequences for society: pesticide toxicity, fertilizer runoff,
water consumption and greenhouse gas production.
Each year, 67 million pounds of pesticides are used on lawns across
the United States. This is about five to nine pounds of pesticide per acre
of lawn (Daniels Stivie, The Green Lawn Handbook, 8). Pesticides are
chemicals that are used to kill insects that live in grass. Even though
few people consider pesticides to be toxic or harmful to humans, U.S.
Senator Harry Reid of Nevada said “chemicals used in lawn care may cause
cancer, nerve damage, liver and kidney damage, birth defects, and even
death.” (The Use and Regulations of Lawn Care Chemicals, 2)
Not many people are aware that lawn pesticides can be lethal. In a
Senate Hearing on the subject of pesticides, Thomas Prior of Maplewood,
Virginia talked about the death of his brother after exposure to
pesticides. “He became grotesquely swollen; enormous blisters appeared on
his body; one by one his organs failed; his skin sloughed off and he became
blind. The pain was ceaseless and after fourteen excruciating days, he
died.” (The Use and Regulation of Lawn Care Chemicals, 21)
Lawn pesticides are harmful to wildlife, too. If pesticides can kill a
human being, then we can imagine what they can do to wildlife. Seeing
geese, squirrels, prairie dogs, and rabbits is quite normal in suburbia.
These and many other animals naturally feed on grass, and lawns might seem
to be excellent food sources for them. Diazinon (a type of pesticide) was
banned in 1986, because it resulted in the death of songbirds, waterfowl,
eagles, and other birds of prey (Daniels Stivie The Wild Lawn Handbook, 6).
Lawns don’t absorb all the pesticides applied to them. The rest are
washed into the water table, where they contaminate the drinking water.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, pesticides have been
found in the groundwater of dozens of states (The Use and Regulations of
Lawn Care Chemicals, 10). This causes an increase in the price of drinking
water, because the government has to spend more money on purification.
Fertilizer runoff is another major problem. According to a study by
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, only about 50% of the
nitrogen and phosphorous in fertilizer is utilized by plants. The rest is
dissolved in the groundwater. When this runs into rivers, it causes
tremendous growth in the number of bacteria and microscopic plants
suspended in the water. These organisms use the oxygen which would
normally be available for marine life.
The portion of the Gulf of Mexico which receives the effluent of the
Mississippi River is so low in oxygen that it is referred to as a "Dead
Zone". All fish and shrimp have abandoned this zone. Marine animals,
which are not able to flee, such as ground feeders and worms, have died.
This dead zone is in the center of one of the most important commercial and
recreational fisheries in the United States (Flux and Sources of Nutrients
in the Mississippi – Atchafalaya River Basin, 4).
As water is becoming a major issue of the new century, we continue
using water to irrigate our lawns. The average lawn requires about 10,000
gallons of water over the course of a summer to keep it green. This water
is often diverted from other uses, such as agriculture. By the year 2005,
at least 40% of the world’s population might face serious problems with
agriculture, industry or human health, if they rely only on natural
freshwater. Severe water shortages could strike even water-rich countries
such as the United States (Scientific American, 42-43).
Greenhouse gasses are produced both by the decomposition of grass
clippings, and by the use of lawnmowers. Clippings disposed of in sealed
plastic bags are broken down into methane. Methane traps over 21 times
more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide. Most lawn mowers use two-
stroke gasoline engines, which are very inefficient at creating power from
hydrocarbon fuels, and are highly polluting (United States Environmental
Protection Agency, 2001).
Thirty million acres, totalling roughly 468,750 square miles, are
devoted to American lawns (Jenkins Scott. The Lawn: A History of American
Obsession). Individual homeowners cannot ignore the rights of their
neighbors to maintain the value of their homes, but as a nation we cannot
ignore the hidden costs of this use of resources. Perhaps the solution to
this conundrum is to develop a new national consensus on what constitutes a
truly beautiful lawn.
Works Cited
Daniels, Stivie. The Green Lawn Handbook. Macmillan: New York, 1995
Geleick, Peter. “Making Every Drop Count.” Scientific American Feb. 2001:
42-43
Jenkins, Scott. The Lawn: A History of American Obsession: Washington, DC:
1994
Lawn and Gardens. (2001): 9 pars. 23 Feb 2002
United States Department of Commerce. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program. Flux and
Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi – Atchafalaya River Basin. Series
17, Washington: GPO, 1999.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Greenhouse Gas Emmisions
from Mananagent of Selected Materials in Munipal Solid Waste. Washington:
GPO, 1998
United States Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. The Use
and Regulation of Lawn Care Chemicals. 101st Cong., 2nd sess. Washington:
GPO, 1990
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