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Реферат: Темы по английскому за 9 класс (Иностранные языки)
№1 Traveling
Many people like to travel because it is interesting, attractive & you can
see new different places. There are few reasons why people travel. The
first: they visit other counters for getting more useful information about
this country, his nation, languages & so on. The second reason people
travel for relax. Sometimes it is necessary to leave your house & have a
rest. As usual people go trip in their holidays. I certainly like to
travel too, because it is interesting for me to see new countries & places
This summer I have been in Turkey in small town Marmaris. It is there
pretty small town without any monuments & museums .It is situated in the
southern part of Turkey in the Again sea. My parent’s &I lived in a little
hotel in the seashore. Every evening in the embankment a lot of small
restaurants were opened & it was very pleasant to walk along the shore &
breath fresh sea air. It was a lovely picturesque place. I like it very
mach. But I wasn’t impressed by it. I have more fan & relax in the Black
Sea. I spend there only 2 days, but they leave in my memory more
recollections that 2 weeks in Marmaris. In the morning I got up early for
getting seashells but most of all I enjoy jumping over the waves .It was
really impressive. But I began to miss my home other that I have so
remarkable holidays in my life. Why people miss their homes? The home is
the place where we live from day to day & we can not forget it. This place
are always stayed in owe memory as the best & comfortable place in the
world. All good recollections connected with it.
№2 Family
The word “family” is asocial with warm tender relations between members of
the family. It is very important when there is understanding among people
in the family an consideration fortress such relations became possible when
people in the family show other terms with ea-ch other, do many things
tougher tall joys survive troubles & living friendly. Loving people gives
you felling of happiness. But nowadays young People think that family can
not consist only on love & understanding. The causal position & celery are
important too. When you ha-ve a good education you can easily find good
work. Also if you have own flat It is easily to make family. Now Young
people understand that to make a family is there sires step in life & they
to do everything for make their future family happy. In our family the
relations are very good & friendly. But certainly, like in every family we
have quarrels specially between me & my sister, but they are very shot &
soon we again live in peace. In our family relations are build on an
understanding each other .I there live my parents. My mother is very
kindhearted women she always help me & my sister to decide my problems. My
father is kind too but some times he is strict But I most of all like my
sister’s character, we are there friendly because we alike. I & me sister
understand each other earthward. My family help me to live & to understand
the world around me. & I very thank my parents.
№3 Science
Science possesses a very great creative potential which lets the people
explore the world. They exploring new territories ,Always ready to face the
unknown We know a lot of people who de-voted their lives to scientific
work. They were sure their work was carried out for the benefit to society.
Science did a lot to improve the life of society. Among them Michael
Faraday-English Physicist & Chemist, Tommas Edison the inventor of electric
lights & hundredth & hundredths of other scientists .in the world every
year held a lot of premiums for the achievements of the year in different
directions in science. The main premium of Alfred Nobel. It appeared in1896
& it is steal the main premium for scientist. Nobel himself was a very good
chemist & excellent linguist His greatest wish, however ,was to see an end
to wars, & thus peace between nations ,& he spend much time & money
working for this course until his death in Italy in 1896.His famous will,
in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics,
Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature & Peace, is a memorial to his
interests & ideals. There are scientist working for Good. For example
Einstein devoted theories that gave birth to the atomic age. He realized
that the atomic age put in-to man’s hands a power greater than he had ever
known. It prove that scientists work can be useful or determined all depend
from person how make discovery.
№4 Tv
Many people have forgotten what the world was like before TV. But today it
has become an integral part of our live. No can compare with TV as a means
of information, entertainment & education. TV now plays such an important
role in so many people's lives that it is essential for us to try to decide
whether it is bad or good.On the first place TV is not only a convenient
source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. For a family
it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home than to
go out. They don't have to pay for expensive tickets to the cinema. All
they have to do is to turn on TV and they can see political news ,football
matches and films. TV, people often say, informs about current events &
the latest developments in science and politics. A lot of good films,
music programs have appeared recently on TV. We get to like watching TV so
much that it begins to dominate our lives. Some-times, than TV set broke
people suddenly found that they had much more time to do things. The most
important thing which is really critiquing is poor quality of the programs
and its harmful effect on children. For example the film " Natural Born
Killers" teaches children to kill and there was one accident in France when
a group of teenagers kill their parents. There are many arguments for and
against TV.I think we must understand that TV in itself is neither good nor
bad. TV is as good or as bad as we make it.
№5 или №20 Charecters
During our life we get in touch with many people. We all know a password:
“So many characters, so many people ”& it is a real truth. I have many
friends & a lot of mats & among them there is no same character. Some of
them very kindhearted & friendly some not so kind but they are try friends
& always help me & their friends, but they are very cold or indifferent
with other people. In every character there are good & bad treats As for me
I consider fair, kind, friendful , try. I think that the-re are 2 sorts of
kind people. The first sort it is really try ,kindhearted people always
ready to help all people in the world other their causal position & other
who only try to look kind & friendly people. But they friendly only with
people whom such people interested in I hate such people because you don’t
know is they are really good or only want to look friendly & I can not
believe them. Every character forms in society therefore in what society
person bring up such character he or she will obtain. Also I believe that
Symbol of Zodiac is influence on the character. Every Symbol have it’s own
treats common for all people born under this symbol. For example I’m Libra
,in my Horoscope Says that in me there are 2 persons. & other good & bad
treats. But I also believe that everyone can change his characters, adding
more good or bad treats.
№6 Profession
What I would like to become? This question passes me greatly. Every job has
its elements of difficulties and interest. I think that nearly all the
professions are very important in life But to choose the right
occupation is very difficult, because we must take in to consideration many
factors. We must consider our personal taste and our kind of mind. After
we end school begin an independent life, it is beginning of a more
serious examination. In order to pass that very serious exam we must choose
the road in life which will help us best to live & work Each boy & girl
has every opportunity to develop mind & use knowledge & education received
at school. Some may prefer to work in factories or works, others want to
go into construction: to take part in building power stations and new
towns. Many opportunities to work & to satisfy at the same time the
requirements of the society and your own personal interest are offered in
the sphere of the services transport, communications and many others I have
a specially liking for to became a lower I like this profession because it
want to help people applying my knowledge. Also I want make good career
Whether profession we choose to follow the greatest pleasure will surely
come from filling that you occupation is useful to people.”Find a job you
like & you’ll never have the work a day in your life”.
№7 Enviroment
The poisoning of the world's land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading
disease of civilisation. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars,
earthquakes and floods but it is potentially one of history's greatest
dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the next
several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable. Overpopulation,
pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as
massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming
that is believed to be coursed by the greenhouse effect. The seas are in
danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical
fertilisers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the
North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If
nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the
seas.Every10 minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever
.Industrial enter-prises emit tons of harmful substances. These emissions
have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for
the greenhouse effect and acid rains An even greater environmental threat
are nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences of the
Chernobyl disaster are. People are beginning to realise that environment
problems are not somebody else's. They join and support various
international organisation and green parties. If governments wake up to
what is happening-perhaps we'll be able to avoid the disaster that
threatens the natural world and all of us with it.
№8 Books
Books bring pleasure & delight to readers. They entertain & develop owe
imagination The bo-oks is a faithful friend. Sometimes after was read book
we deep in fought of the problem whi-ch was discussion in it. We often read
or hear that someone after hi read book enjoy new ides or be so delight
that he change & began to see world in another color. Writers tries to
portray life in it’s richness or make his story or poem with humor for
brought pleasure & delight to readers The book is there old tying. First
library was founded in Egypt more then 3000years BC. At first time they
were very rare because books were writing by hands. This process last-ed
for many years. Nowadays there great amount Of books & you can always fined
smoking for your rise. Books can be About lives of different people,
detective stores, novels, encyc-lopedias & many other. Now TV is compare
books & some people prefer to watch films than read books, but they more
interesting. I don’t like to read like most children nowadays, but I like
to read novels, detective stores & fantasy have a lot of books at home also
I can take so-me of them in the library. Now there are a lot of books & you
can not keep all them at home but if you need a book you can go to the
library it is a house of books. Books with us all our life. In childhood we
liked to listened fables .teenagers like to read adventures. They help us
to live & understand world around us, to relax & the main reason we books
are necessary they bring a lot of pleasure
№9
The city is the place where situated all industrial cultures & education
centers. In big cities you can find museums, theaters, clubs, cinema ,big
shops & hospitals People try to live in cites be-cause all necessary
objects are situated near For example if you ill the hospital or chemist
shop will situated near your home in the city but if you live in
countryside it will hard to find any medicine help or hospital fare from
city. Also in big cites you can fiend all sorts of entertainment such as
cinemas clubs entertaining parks & so on. Many people like to spend their
free time in clubs ,entertaining parks because it is help them to relax &
bring them a lot of pleasure It is really comfortable that everything you
need in daily life situated near you. One of the most important comfort of
big cites that you can fast drive up to your job for example. Yes, it is
really comfortable, & at first glance everything is good but nowadays
big cites there are a great amount of cars & factories Big cites suffering
of overpopulation, duty of air, & water, The streets became nosy & after
hard working day people can not relax. People try to do everything to go
to countryside because only where they can fiend quite. Every holiday &
every week-end people try to leave their houses &go to the village. As for
me I prefer to live in big cites because A lot of big shops situated near
my home, but I also like to spend my holidays in the countryside because
after I spend in city about 9 months I began to get tired.
№10 Sport
I think that if you don’t want to feel fit you’d better go in for one kind
of sport or another. I should admit that everyone must do all he can to be
healthy. Good health is better than the best medicine. The English proverb
«Sickness in the body brings sickness to the mind» expresses a similar idea
but from different point of view. All kinds of physical exercises are very
useful to make our bodies strong as we want. To tell the truth I don’t do
sports regularly and it is not an essential part of my daily life. but I
like it summer I to swim & play tennis basketball, football. In winter, you
can skiing & skating it is useful too. Of course, I like to watch sports
completions on TV. Fortunately, they show different ones-football,
basketball. I like tennis tournaments very much. Also I admire skiing
champion-ships , biathlon , swimming Doing sports a man become strong,
healthy and gay. He begins to take care of his health. Certainly in every
school there are sport grounds & gyms In owe school we have a nice gym
.Games is popular among children. Many of they train at special sport
school where held a lot of competitions. Every year many championships held
all over the world. Among them the greatest is Olympic Games a lot of
Russian sportsman also win them. We mast know that sport help us to be
healthy & «Good health is better than wealth»,
№11 Education in Russia
An educated person is one who knows a lot about many things. I think it is
very important that everyone should be educated. Each pupils mast to do
everything to become a useful member of our society. Education is very
important in our life. In the Russian Federation the school education is
compulsory. Pupils begin to go to school at the age of 6.When they complete
high grades they can either continue to study at school for more 2 years,
or go to a professional school where they study not only main subjects, but
are able to learn some profession When pupils leave school they can try to
continue their education in institutes or universities. There are many
school types of schools in Russia: specialized, politecnical, musical art
and others. Nowadays appeared some new types of schools: gymnasiums and
colleges. I learn in one of the specialized schools in Moscow. To my mind,
our school is very well equipped. It has a gym, a library, a computer class
and some labs(for example - chemistry lab or physics lab). At school we had
classes in Russian, literature, mathematics, English, history and so on. My
favorite subjects were English, History and Russian My favorite subjects
were English, Biology & Chemistry .I like English because I began better
understand my native language & I need it for my future besides it is very
interesting to read books, listen the news ,speak with English–speaking
people. The Biology & Chemistry is interesting for me because learn them
very easy & because it is interesting for me to know from what consist
things around us. I like owe school because we have a very good teachers &
it is interesting to learn subjects when the teacher is good. School is one
of owe houses in life.
№12 Hobby
Everyone have spare time. The time when person can do everything he/she
like or interested in. Some people prefer to spend their free time slipping
at home, watching TV or listening ra-dio; Another like hiking ,travelling,
getting with friends visited galleries, cinemas or gathering something. The
things which people like to do in their spare time are
calls–Hobbies.Hobbies can be different They divide in to 2 sorts. The first
it is when person prefer doing something for example watching TV or
travailing The second hobby is gathering marks corns audio or video
cassettes. As for my I like to gathering audio cassettes. I get a lot of
pleasure Gathering cassette with music which I like. I relax then I listen
music, not all certainly. Also it is interesting for me to go travel & walk
with my friends often visited new places & it is very exiting. We like to
vi-sited consertets ,& listen our favourite music Also I interested with
computers I like to play computers games making programmes but most of all
I enjoy with Internet Every weekend I spend a lot of time in Chats
programmes in Internet where people from all over the world meting & talk
about news music ,books & many other interesting things. Some times Hobby
became a profession for example I have friend he’s hobby is music & she
wanted to be pianist .For all people hobby is something which relax
&entertain them. They help people to have a rest. Without hobbies lives of
many people will be dale & ,uniform
№ 13 Mass Media
Mass media (that is the press, the radio and television)play unimportant
role in the life of soci-ety. They reflect corrent events & vital problems.
They also influence the way people look at the world & make them change
their views. Millions of people in their spare time watch TV & read
newspapers. On the radio one can hear music, news and various discussions
or commentaries of current events. On the TV can see a lot of documentary
programs & films Now on Russia TV we have 11channels &you can fined
something for race your mood & relax. It is means for schedule knowledge &
information about everything the world Every day we knead news. We can
certainly see them on TV but you can buy a newspapers often see people
sitting in the Metro & reading newspaper or magazine. There are variety
sorts of magazines & newspapers They can be about music, politics, sport
half & so on Nowadays big cities overfull of great amount of news &
information Some people read everything they buy. It's no mater what they
read &What about &they only lose their time. But there are people who read
only that magazines & newspapers which they interesting or kneaded think
that MM help us in education & daily life only when you read only that you
choose Than you read something here sow something there everything confuse
in your head &you’ll know nothing. Also I think that MM is an inventor
because only in XX century we began to understand what role MM plays in our
life.
№14 Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is a self governing federal state. It is
situated in the southwe-st of the Pacific ocean, occupying the continent of
Australia and a great number of islands near it Australia is a continent-
island washed by the Indian & the Pacific Oceans. The country consists of 6
states and 2 territories16 million people live in Australia. The capital is
Canberra The official language is English.Australia is an important
producer and exporter of primary products wool, meat, sugar, fruit, iron,
gold and so on. Most of the factories are situated near big cities There
are 4 big cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth. These
cities are also the country's main ports. Canberra was specially planned as
a capital. It is a quiet city. All the government buildings are situated
there. There no industrial plants in the city. About 300000 people live in
Canberra. Sydney is the oldest and largest city in Australia. It was
founded in 1788. Sydney is a big industrial centre. About 3 million people
now live in the city Australian Parliament has two chambers, the house of
Representatives and the Senate. The government of the country is headed by
the Prime Minister. Australia is not only far from the rest of the world,
it has a bad climate, too The climate is better in the east and south-east,
where most big cities have grownup. But the northern coast has too much
rain, and the western coast is too dry. The highest part of Australia, and
almost all the mountains are near the coast. The whole central part of the
country is dry; it never rains, there are no large rivers and no water
there. So there is no very rich plant life in Australia want to visit this
country because I think it have there interesting history &also this
country is differ than other English-streaking countries.
№15 GB
GB is situated on the British Isles & as a whole is a densely populated
country. The population of country is more then 56 million people. The
country has a very good geographical position as it lies on the crossways
of the sea routes from Europe to other parts of the world. The sea
connected GB with most of the world & influence the climate of the country.
Thanks to the Atlantic oscine & the Golf-Stream, a warm ocean current, the
climate of GB is warm & damp. GB is a highly developed industrial country.
It is known as exporters of iron & steel products, chemicals & navigation
equipment. GB is a country with old cultural traditions & customs The most
famous educational centers are Ox-ford & Cambridge universities .They are
consider to be the intellectual centers of Europe. The education is not
free it is very expensive. GB is a Parliamentary monarchy .The monarchy is
one of the old English traditions. It has no power .The Queen of GB
“doesn’t rule ,but reigns” The country is governed by the Parliament,
consisting of the Queen (or King) The House of Commons & The House of
Lords, but government elected with the Prime Minister at the head. GB
consist of 4 main parts: England ,Wales, Scotland, & Northern Ireland. The
relief in the South & East is flat. Scotland &Wales are mountains & hilly.
But the mountains are not high ,The highest one is Ben Nevis in Scotland.
It is 1343 meters high. There are many rivers in GB but they are not long.
Many of rivers are connected with each other by means of channels .The main
rivers are: The Seven, The Themes, The Shannon & The Clyde.
№16 London
London is one of the world’s most enjoyable cities It is a capitol of GB.
Visited by the tourists in the million , the city offers them an
astonishing variety of scenes .The city is situated on the river Thames.
London can be divided into 4 main parts: The City, The East End, The West
End & Westminster. London was founded 2000 years BC, so London has a very
rich history & a lot of monuments of history. The most famous of them are:
St. Paul’s Cathedral, Trafalgar Square, The Tower of London & Westminster
abbey. Westminster Abbey is a national shrine Where the kings and queens
are crowned & famous people are burred. Founded by Edward the Confessor in
1055,the Abbey was a monastery for a long time The present building dates
largely from the time of Henry III W ho began to rebuild the church ,a
task which lasted hearty 300 years. The west towers were added in the
eighteen centre. Since William I almost every English monarch has been
crowned in this great church, which contains the tombs & memorials of many
Britain’s most eminent citizen .One of the greatest treasures of The Abbey
is the oaken Coronation Chair made in 1300.The Abbey is also known for it’s
Poet’s Corner. Craves & memorials to many English poets & writers are
clustered round about. Londoners are there proud of their city with it’s
ancient buildings , monuments & architectural masterpieces.
№17 English traditions
Every country and every nation has it's own traditions and customs. It's
very important to know traditions and customs of different people because
It will help you to know more about the history and life of different
nations and countries One cannot speak about England with-out speaking
about it's traditions and customs. They are very important in the life of
English people. Englishman are reputed to be cold, reserved rather
haughtier people. They are nationally polite & they never tied of saying:
"Thank you" or " I’m sorry". They are gently disciplined you never heard
long talk in the straits. They don't rush for seats in buses & trains.
English people do not shake hands when eating. They don't show their
emotions even in tragic situations. Englishman are proud of their
traditions and carefully keep them up. There are six public holidays a year
in GB. Christmas day is one of their favourite holidays. It's celebrated on
the 25-th of December. There are some traditions connected with it. One of
them is to give presents to each other. It is not only children and members
of family. It's a tradition to give Christmas presents to the people you
work with. Another tradition is to send Christmas cards. & many other
pleasant things. Another great holiday is Halloween. It is the day than all
children dresses up in unusual costumes. this holiday selabrateted on the
31 of October.
№18 Russia
Russia occupy a large territory. It stretch almost 10 000 kilometres
from east to west and nearly 5 000 kilometres from north to south. It's
population is 150 000 000 million people.Russia develop for many parts:
Siberia, Ural, European part & Far East. In Russia there are a lot of big
cites in all it’s parts. The capital is Moscow, it is situated in the
European part. There is no over countries in which the climate differs so
much from one part to antherThe climate is deferent in all reigns When it
is still winter in the northern regions of our country the first warm days
arrive in the southern the central regions snow storms & cold are still in
power while in the south people begin to think of spring crops. In the same
season nature looks different in different parts of our country. Siberia is
a region of untold riches, & Ural is riche in different minerals .Russia is
rich in oil, iron, gold, silver and other minerals In our country there are
endless forests, large and small rivers from East to West. Country is
washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: Pacific, Arctic & the Atlantic Also I’d like
to say a few words about the traditions of Russia. The names of Gzhel and
Khokhloma are considered to be the symbols of Russia as well as matryoshkas
and samovars. Now we celebrate the forgotten holidays-Troisa, Maslenitsa,
Easter We again sing Russian folk songs and chastushki, dance Barinya and
perform khorovods, ride in troikas Traditional Russian cooking is world-
famous for such dishes as okroshka, shi, pelment, kvass. We begin to build
& reconstruct churches.
№19 Moscow
Moscow is a capital of Russia & it is there big & old city, so in Moscow
there are many tourist. They come to our city to acquainted with Russia. In
our home there often comes my parent’s friends from Francs ,Germany & we
show them Moscow. At first every tourist how co-me to Moscow mast visit Red
Square because it is center & hart of our city. There situated the most
beautiful cathedrals in Moscow .for example Santa Basils Cathedral erected
by architectures Postnik & Barma to commemorate Russia’s conquest of The
Kazan Kingdom in 1552 .Moscow is a political ,cultural ,scientific &
education centers in Russia. In Moscow there are a lot of theaters ,museums
,galleries, universities. The greatest ,most beautiful & biggest one of
the theaters is a Bolshow Theater. .It is famous all over the world.
Pushkin’s Museum of Fin Art & Tretiaykov Gallery the most big famous in
Moscow. In Tretiaukov Gallery you can find pictures & drawings a great
member of pianists all other the world, begin from icon & pectoris from
Eugept to mordent pianists .A lot of exhibitions held there. Also in Moscow
situated The State Moscow University It one of the best universities in
Europe. Nowadays Moscow became a mordent city with wide streets with great
member of restoring, clubs, cinemas & so on .At night Moscow is illuminate
with many lights. Also now appeared big shops & you can see beautiful shop-
windows in the greatest & biggest streets of our city. I think that our
town very beautiful & as I know ,All tourists admired by it & I’m theory
proud that I live in Moscow.
Реферат на тему: Темы по английскому языку
Britain in Brief.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with an
area of 244 000 square miles is situated on the British Isles, which are
separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover
and the English Channel. Britain’s population is over 56 million. Four out
of every five people live in towns. The largest cities of the country are
London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh.
The UK is a monarchy: the head of the state is a king or a queen.
In practice, the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule: the UK is governed by
the Government. The present Sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II.
The territory of Great Britain is small. Yet the country has a
wide variety of scenery.
The heart of Britain is England. It is the richest, the most
fertile and most populated in the country. The north and the west of
England are mountainous, but all the rest of territory is a vast plain. In
Northwest England, there are many beautiful lakes with green, wooded or
grassy shores and grey mountains all around.
The smallest of Britain’s countries is Wales. The largest part of
Wales is covered with rocky mountains, which are difficult to climb. Most
people in Wales live in the coastal plains.
Scotland is a land of mountains, wild moorlands, narrow valleys
and plains, famous lakes and no end of large and small islands. The
Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. One-
third of the people in Scotland
live in or near its capital, Edinburgh, and its great industrial
center, Glasgow.
The capital of Great Britain, London, stands on the Thames. The
Thames is the busiest and the most important river in Great Britain, but it
is not very long. The climate of Great Britain is mild.
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